Public Administration - 967 Words

Public administration refers to the officials, institutions and processes involved with implementing the laws, rules and policies passed by legislatures and executive. It was originally a branch of political science, but public administration has developed into a field of study of its own during the 20th century, thanks in part to groundbreaking writings by early scholars in the field. These classic works laid the foundation for a new discipline that combines academic study with professional training for people interested in government careers. In public administration the organizational success largely depends on its structure and leadership. Over the years many theories have been developed regarding the structure of†¦show more content†¦The consequences of this marked change have been numerous. Focus has been on the potential for social-welfare expenditures to crowd out the traditional functions of government that Smith, Taylor and others deemed necessary for a well-functi oning, free society. The longer these trends continue, the more difficult it will be to change them. The public administration at the state level here in Rhode Island is that the citizens are collecting unemployment or receiving assistance from the state. New policies have been put into place that requires anyone receiving assistance to work for the first thirty days and a set number of hours each week. In my experience of working with these individuals that will only do what is required and nothing more than that. We have many diverse populations within any workplace and must always adhere to the rules and regulations set before us as to not offend anyone. The field of public administration will always be tough employment. From past experiences even when you are helping it could be looked upon as showing favoritism is you time is not utilized wisely. If one individual feels he is not getting the same as another, then complaints are filed. This is said to be true in the divers e populations and every populations helps there own. References Rimer, E. (1993). Organization theory and frederick taylor - taylorism transfo. Public Administration Review, 53(3),Show MoreRelatedPublic Administration And The Public Sector837 Words   |  4 PagesOld Public Administration was created to answer the questions to many unanswered problems. President Woodrow Wilson said it was â€Å"harder to run a constitution than to frame it† because of the difficult administrative tasks had to deal with. Sure enough, he was not the only person who felt that way. President Wilson believed that in order to run an effective government, ideas from the private sector should be incorporated into the public sector. He even went as far as to give input on how the governmentRead MoreSpiratuality in Public Administration1402 Words   |  6 PagesSpirituality and Public Administration ShaTara T. Ambler Columbia Southern University Public Administration Ethics 22 January 2016 Abstract When in the workplace there are a few things that people try not to discuss and religion or spirituality is one of those. It is often a touchy subject because of differing beliefs and opinions. Does spirituality help or hinder productivity in the workplace? Will someone that is spiritual be a better leader than someone who is not? I will exploreRead MoreThe Field Of Public Administration914 Words   |  4 Pagesevolution of the field of public administration based on the leadership style and the organizational structure. It has three parts; the first part will compare the organizational framework of popular theorists’ with special attention to the type of leadership and the environment of the organization. The second part will discuss a comprehensive definition of the field of public administration, and the third part is the predictions about the field of public administration, and the opportunities andRead MoreModels of Public Administration2299 Words   |  10 Pages Studying the Models of Public Administration MODELS OF COMPARITIVE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONINTRODUCTION Before going to the models, it is important to understand the different terminologies used in the subject: 1. APPROACH: An Approach is based primarily on one central concept. That is thought to be especially useful in studying basic features of public administration. Approaches are general in nature. 2. MODELS: Models can be considered as a refined and more specific version of approachesRead MoreProductivity in Public Administration1790 Words   |  8 Pages. PRODUCTIVITY IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION The issue of productivity management sometimes referred to as performance management is an area of great concern to public mangers. There are several strategies that can be used in public management but the selection and use of the most suitable one depends on the situation and the manager involved. Managers in the public sector are usually confronted with complex problems that require strategy thinking in order to find the most suitable way forwardRead MoreAn Understanding of Public Administration2588 Words   |  11 PagesAn Understanding of Public Administration Master of Public Administration Program Modern Public Administration: Managing Public Nonprofit Organizations PAD 500 Abstract The purpose of this paper, An Understanding of Public Administration, is to provide the reader with an overview of the field and its application towards public programs, agencies, groups and other associations. It also provides a clear definition, introduces some principlesRead MoreDefining Public Administration2566 Words   |  11 PagesAn Understanding of Public Administration Abstract The purpose of this paper, An Understanding of Public Administration, is to provide the reader with an overview of the field and its application towards public programs, agencies, groups and other associations. It also provides a clear definition, introduces some principles associated with public administration along and how it is used in American society. Public administration allows public policies and actions, decision-making abilityRead MoreThe Concept of Public Administration2013 Words   |  9 PagesThe Concept of Public Administration Historically, Governments have attempted to develop sound governance and public administration to support social, political and economic development. However, changing in political and economic context have made it increasingly difficult to determine what constitute the principles, foundations, quality and effectiveness of public administration. (UNECOSOC, 2005) The present report presents some initial thoughts and recommendations about the methodology that canRead MoreA Study Of Public Administration1516 Words   |  7 PagesSince Woodrow Wilson (1889) published the article, â€Å"a study of public administration†, the main question in the field of public administration is how to govern a democratic and political entity. Given public administration conventionally concerns about civil servants and agencies in the executive branch, one among diverse and essential subfields is bureaucracy and organizational theory. In general, the development of studies on bureaucracy and organ izational theory has gone through the period ofRead MoreEvolution of Public Administration in Woodrow Wilsons The study of Public Administration593 Words   |  2 PagesQuestion 1 : Trace the evolution of Public Administration : Public Administration very recent science , goes to the book on The study of Public Administration which has written by Woodrow Wilsom in 1887 , this book was the foundation of Public Administration science , then P.A had rapid change in its nature , scope and role . He evolution of P.A divided into five phases ( by Avasthi and Masheshwari ) : ï‚ § Phase 1 : From 1887 to 1926 : It is administration dichotomy period so, P.A has been separated

The journey to my grave Free Essays

It was a bright Thursday afternoon and it was finally time for recess. I hade just survived double English and all my energy had been drained from trying to stay awake, let alone paying any attention to what was going on in lesson. I made my way out of the classroom and walked down the long corridors of the school building towards my locker- alone. We will write a custom essay sample on The journey to my grave or any similar topic only for you Order Now It had only been a week and a half since I had started high school and I hadn’t yet managed to make any friends but I had expected it, since I had started a month later than all the other first years. Everyone seemed to already have been divided into his or her groups. I liked keeping to myself, as it was crystal clear I wasn’t needed. After placing my books in my locker I made my way to the school canteen. As always there was nothing appealing in the canteen that tempted me so I just helped myself to a chocolate muffin. Having paid for my lunch I made my way to the table in the corner of the hall where I sat everyday- alone. I placed my muffin on the table and sat down to eat. The canteen was filling up and I noticed that every table in the canteen had different types of people seated at it; the cheerleader table was at the front where all the cheerleaders sat. Beside them, was the Ashley table where Ashley’s group sat, which beside herself included her two best friends. The sixteen tables behind them were where the ordinary people sat and ate their lunch. Last but not least there were the geeks who sat behind everyone else. Finally there was me and I sat alone, behind everyone else. Since the day I had started high school know one had spoken to me in a friendly manner but only teased me and called me names, so it was a huge surprise when Ashley and her group came up to my lunch table wanting to ask me something. Hey†¦ uh †¦ Megan. How are you? ‘ Oh my god I couldn’t believe it. Ashley was actually talking to me. I had to reply, I mean it wasn’t everyday Ashley came up to talk to me. ‘Uh †¦ yes†¦ I’m†¦ I’m fine. Thanks for asking. ‘ I could feel my face getting hot, I couldn’t believe I was so tongue tied but I wasn’t to blame anyone who went to my high school would have been in the state I was in. ‘ Helen can you meet us in the girls lavatory and make sure no one knows you are coming to see us. Its best if know one knows. ‘ It was the happiest days in my life. Having finished my muffin I rushed down to the girls lavatory beaming with joy. Once reaching the girls lavatory I pushed open the door and searched for Ashley and her group. There was know one there so I decided to wait. A little while later they came in and checked if all the cubicles were empty once they were satisfied Ashley asked me the most unexpected question ever. ‘Listen Helen me and the girls were thinking of making our group a foursome and who else would be better to have than you. So do you want to join us? ‘ Of course I did. Who wouldn’t? ‘Yeh†¦ sure†¦ I mean I would love to be part of your group. ‘ This was the happiest day of my life, apart from the fact that she didn’t know my name properly. I was going to be part of her group and not any old group but Ashley Roberts group. ‘Kool, but as you know this isn’t any old group. This is my group,’ she really emphasized on the word â€Å"my†, ‘and it is the best in the whole school. So you have to go through a simple initiation test, don’t worry we all went through it. If you pass, it means you are worthy of joining our group and if not you go back to what you were. ‘ I should have known there would be a catch. I guess it was worth the try, if I passed I would’ve officially been part of the best group in the whole school. ‘All you have to do is come to my house tomorrow and stay the night. Katie and Serena’ Her two best friends, ‘will also be there. We will tell you what will consist in your test tomorrow when you come round. You can go now and oh yeh I will give you my address tomorrow but remember just don’t tell anyone, and I mean anyone about our little discussion. ‘ The final bell of the day rang and it was finally time to go home. I placed my books into my bag and made my way for home. After ten minutes I reached home and let myself in. I could hear my mum rattling the dishes in the kitchen and also talking to my little baby brother. ‘Hi mum, I’m home. Guess what happened today. You wont believe it. ‘ I was dying to tell her that I had made a new friend and that I might have a chance to join her group. ‘Go on tell me what happened today. ‘ ‘Well this girl, Ashley Roberts who is the popular girl in school asked me to join her group but she said I have to pass a little test to see if I am capable of being in their group so she invited me to her house tomorrow for a sleepover. Can I go? I could see the look on her face she wasn’t sure about the whole idea. ‘I’m not quite sure about this test thing. ‘ she replied with a worried look on her face. I’m sorry to say this to you but I cant let you go this time I mean you hardly even know her. I’m sure she will understand. ‘ Understand. She thought she would understand. My mother had absolutely no idea about this whole thing. If I didn’t get into this group my life would have been over. I would have had to stay a loner all throughout my high school life. ‘But mum’ I couldn’t let her win this battle not this time my whole high school life was at stake here. You can’t do this. You don’t understand. You have to let me go, please. ‘ my eyes were burning as tears blurred my vision. I couldn’t let her see that she had won so I stormed out of the room slamming the door shut on my way out. I was enraged by my mothers decision of not letting me go to Ashley’s house. She just didn’t understand that I had to go. It was about my future. I had made up my mind I was going to go to Ashley’s house no matter what. There was too much at stake here. I needed to make mum realise that I could take care of my self and nothing would have happened if she had let m go. The next day I came back from school and went straight to my room to pack my clothes for the sleepover. I was going to go to the sleepover no matter what. After packing my things I went downstairs to eat dinner and then told mum I was going to bed early because I was not feeling well. I went to my room and picked up my bag and plucked up the courage to sneak out of the window. I did it I was out I realised that if I stood around I would get caught so I quickly took out Ashley’s address and made my way to her house. It was about 6 blocks away from where I lived and took me about twenty minutes to get there. Once I reached her house it was seven thirty. Before I could actually knock on the door Ashley came and opened the door. Without saying a word she took me to her room as if she didn’t want anyone to know I had arrived. There I met both Katie and Serena too. I was told by Ashley that I had to keep my voice down as her parents weren’t aware that I was present in the house. For some odd reason I began to regret that I had come to Ashley’s house. I was here now and I had to go through with whatever the girls had in plan as my initiation test. Ok listen Helen. We have all decided what your test should be based upon. Let me warn you though it is going to be quite hard. The girls don’t think you will be up to the challenge. ‘ It was Ashley talking. Oh no the thing I had been dreading most. Well at least I wont have to do anything in school which could embarrass me. So I guess the girls had spared me the humiliation. ‘Just tell me what you want me to do. Don’t worry I’m up to it. By the way my name is Megan. ‘ I had come this far I wasn’t going to let myself down now. ‘That’s the spirit. Well we have decided to test how brave you are so we have decided that tonight being a Friday the thirteenth your test will be that you have to go to the near by grave yard and sit next to a grave for a whole hour, and before leaving place a flag, which we will give to you, on the surface of the grave so that we know that you actually stayed there. As proof that you did stay there for a whole hour we will give you a stop watch which you will start as soon as you sit next to the grave and bring back to us when your time is up. ‘ I got the shock of my life when I heard what I had to do. I should have stayed home and done as I was told, I guess I now realised that my mum was right. By coming here I have only landed my self into more trouble. I couldn’t let myself down. I wanted to be in the group so desperately now. Ashley told me that we were going to leave at exactly eleven thirty so that we would be there a little before twelve. While I would be inside the grave yard Katie, Serena and Ashley would go back home and then come back to collect me. They also told me I had to sit next to a specific grave, it was Jack Hunters. Rumours have it that on every Friday the thirteenth anyone who sits next to Jacks grave, and is still there by midnight, has his or hers soul pulled out from their body and into jacks grave. Many people have tried to sit next to jacks grave but have never returned. ‘Come on its time to go. ‘ Called out Katie in a silent whisper. It was time for my test and no matter what I wasn’t going to back out from it. The four of us crept downstairs and made our way out of the house without making a single noise. The street was dark with only a few light lamps in the far distance which shone some light on the path we were taking. We finally reached the main gates to the entrance of the grave yard. I was told to climb over the gates. When I had climbed over I realised that I was on my own from here on. Serena told me that the grave I was meant to sit next to was at the far end and will fall on my right hand side. I saw the girls making their way back and I knew I couldn’t follow them. I had to lead in the opposite direction. There were still five minutes to twelve as I sat down and made my self comfortable. All this jack and the whole soul pulling thing was all made up, I knew it. How can a dead person who mind you doesn’t even have a soul of his, own possibly take another persons. It was insane, it was a story which had crossed its limits. None of it was true. It couldn’t be. Could it? At this stage I was talking to myself. I began questioning my own beliefs. I looked at my watch to see how much time had gone by. I couldn’t believe it, only two minutes had passed since I had started the stopwatch which was given to me. All of a sudden I felt something behind me, as if it were breathing heavily onto my neck. I was too afraid to look back. I wanted to run. Run free from this place-I was being held down. Something had paralysed me, I couldn’t move. I tried harder- nothing happened. In my struggle to break free from the web of danger I was in I caught a glimpse of the time and it was exactly twelve. It was happening to me. My soul was being sucked into Jacks grave. My ribs were hurting me so badly. My whole body felt as if it were being forced into a tiny hole. My whole body was overlapping it self and I could do nothing. I needed air. I was running out of air. When I tried breathing in big gashes of air to maybe prolong my death, nothing happened. All I could do was wait for my life to end. I remembered mum, I wondered what she was going to go through. I should have listened to her. She was right but I was so arrogant and selfish that I had to have my way. I hope she could forgive me as all she had in the world were me and my little brother. There it happened. Exactly on that thought. I breathed in my ounce of air. Jack finally got what he had wanted-his soul, my soul. I Megan Taylor till today regret entering the gates of the grave yard I entered three years ago, and till this day I regret it. Little did I know at the time that the friend I thought I had gained, planned this malicious act of indecency. How to cite The journey to my grave, Papers

The unpassing horse Essay Example For Students

The unpassing horse Essay The poem, The Cyclist, by Louis MacNiece is a set about an insightful analogy on life. The poem is full of vivid imagery and beauty that conjures up delightful memories, and an overriding feeling of freedom. Through the poem MacNiece reminds us that we must truly treasure the brief but special moments of our childhood and life. MacNiece, through the poem, expresses life as a single sentence. His analogy is that life is a sentence, the main sentence represents our mechanical everyday work life but between the main sentence, between the horizons brackets there lies our free time and leisure. However these brackets are only five minutes of our life, these moments are scarce, just as this boys summer will pass so quickly by. So, from this we feel that the poet is telling us, life is short, grasp the sweet golden moments while you can, live in the brackets. The image of the unpassing horse further supports his message of savouring life. This image is used all throughout the poem as a comparison of being frozen in time, frozen in the brackets and working life. The description Blazoned in chalk suggest that the poet is talking about a large existing carving in Sussex, South England on the chalk downs. Perhaps a memory of his childhood summer vacations. The run on lines in the poem create a lazy mood to the poem. We feel the smooth languidness of the lines as we read the poem and almost feel the heat. This mood promotes the theme of freedom expressed in the poem. The very first word Freewheeling conjures up a sense of carefree enjoyment. The delightful description the wind he causes in passing/ Cools the sweat of his neck, making him one with the sky expresses the absolute freedom and bliss of summer. The description of being one with the sky is very sublime; it demonstrates the openness and endless opportunities of being in the brackets. The imaginary world of childhood is put forth in the idea of grasping summer in the handlebars of the boys bicycle. We almost feel that we are in the imaginary world, the perfect world to this child. Similarly, we also come across a delightful idea of catching summer with butterfly nets in the third stanza. This imagery further promotes the idea of freedom in the poem. The boy is described as a parenthesis, this further suggests that he is not in the real world; he is not part of the main sentence not for now anyway. The line Is to be picked up later but these five minutes suggests that these five minutes lived between the brackets are scares and need to be savoured. The enchanting imagery of the dragonfly is the poets representation of how effortless summer is. The vivid imagery of a dragonfly, effortlessly taking off, horizontal is a metaphor for the work-free atmosphere of summer, and the pleasure this is. The next line Underlining itself in a silver peacock light seems to be referring back to the sentence of life, that the parenthesis between the brackets is underscored, suggesting that it is looked forward to. The second stanza if full of intense imagery that sets adds much colouring to poem. He commences it with a reference to the unpassing horse, he describes it as being glaring, glaring white conveying the attractiveness. This along with the personification of the horse carving: moves within his brackets suggests that as the horse is also at the downs, it is moving, and enjoying the summer too, perhaps also expressing a desire to obtain the horse, obtain the complete freedom of summer vacations. The heat of summer in emphasised through the description of the grasshoppers. The word boils is used very cleverly, as it conveys both the bubbling, bursting movement of the tiny grasshoppers as well as the heat of the day. .u91f7bfc52be32486cab384fad1a5977e , .u91f7bfc52be32486cab384fad1a5977e .postImageUrl , .u91f7bfc52be32486cab384fad1a5977e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u91f7bfc52be32486cab384fad1a5977e , .u91f7bfc52be32486cab384fad1a5977e:hover , .u91f7bfc52be32486cab384fad1a5977e:visited , .u91f7bfc52be32486cab384fad1a5977e:active { border:0!important; } .u91f7bfc52be32486cab384fad1a5977e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u91f7bfc52be32486cab384fad1a5977e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u91f7bfc52be32486cab384fad1a5977e:active , .u91f7bfc52be32486cab384fad1a5977e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u91f7bfc52be32486cab384fad1a5977e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u91f7bfc52be32486cab384fad1a5977e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u91f7bfc52be32486cab384fad1a5977e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u91f7bfc52be32486cab384fad1a5977e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u91f7bfc52be32486cab384fad1a5977e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u91f7bfc52be32486cab384fad1a5977e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u91f7bfc52be32486cab384fad1a5977e .u91f7bfc52be32486cab384fad1a5977e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u91f7bfc52be32486cab384fad1a5977e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How does Heaney explore the issues of background and identity in his early poems, Digging and Follower EssayThe description of the pebble is also very clever, it moves from the focus of one small object and then expands, using the numbers of small pebbles on the dirt road as a representation of the number of boys riding in the downs. The words heat-wave and surf are used to suggest that the dirt track is like dry water, as the hot air ripples over the ground, waves of dust are created. This in our minds also creates an image of the beach on hot summers days, and the refreshing feeling of the wind on our sweaty face as our hair is thrown back. The issue of nostalgia is also present in the poem. Through the use of imagery the poet presents this idea in the third stanza. The boys chase summer, they long for it to last. The description of the little red ball is a reference to a cricket ball, this instantly suggests the poet is English as cricket is a popular sport in England. The idea of trapping summer is also suggested in the description of the cricket ball; the idea that you can strike it into the deep, and hold it forever. The next two references speak of the pleasure of soaking in summer. The idea of being lathered in cricket creams in summer is an extremely insightful one, suggesting the stickiness of the cricket creams onto the boys body due to the intense heat and perspiration. We are again brought to the idea of freedom though the idea of drinking summer through closed eyelids. We can just imagine the image of a boy lying in downs with his eyes closed and just soaking in the summer rays. This description is approached by three unpunctuated run on lines, this allows the sentences to drag and promote this free, lazy feeling. The first interruption of the lazy mood of the poem is at the semi-colon in the third stanza. The first image of our mechanical work lives is given by the word bell, this is most probably representing a school bell sounding the start of school. The Left-right-left symbolises the orderly restrictiveness of school and schoolwork, restrictions that are not faced during the summer. The idea of being absolutely lost in summer is conveyed by the words his forgotten sentence, representing the idea of forgetting completely about the worries and pressures of school life, forgetting the main sentence. Reaching the valley represents reaching the end of something, in this case the end of the summer vacation. The words the boy must pedal again is a metaphor of the need for the boy to work again, to live back in the main sentence. Yet, even with this restrictive need, the idea of nostalgia is present as for ten seconds more the boy can move as the horse in the chalk, meaning for a little time longer the boys mind is still free and ingrossed in summer, just as the horse in the chalk moves forever within the brackets unbeginningly and unendingly regardless of the tenses and final clauses of the main sentence. Thus the poet is expresses the idea of continually wishing for summer, even when it has gone. The poem The Cyclist exposes many ideas. It is a perceptive representation of our lives, and especially the carefree nature of childhood. Even at the end of the poem, the poet expresses his childish aspiration of living forever between the horizons brackets just as the chalk horse is. However, through the poem he does also show the reality that we cannot live our lives like the chalk horse, for the chalk horse is forever between the brackets as it is only an image, a dream, so we must savour what five minutes of freedom we have.