Is Glass a Liquid or a Solid

Glass is an amorphous form of matter. It is a solid. You may have heard different explanations about whether glass should be classified as a solid or as a liquid. Here is a look at the modern answer to this question and the explanation behind it. Key Takeaways: Is Glass a Liquid or a Solid? Glass is a solid. It has a definite shape and volume. It does not flow. Specifically, it is an amorphous solid because the silicon dioxide molecules are not packed in a crystal lattice.The reason people thought glass might be a liquid was because old glass windows were thicker at the bottom than at the top. The glass was thicker some places than others because of the way it was made. It was installed with the thicker part at the bottom because it was more stable.If you want to get technical, glass can be a liquid when it is heated until it is melted. However, at room temperature and pressure, it cools into a solid. Is Glass a Liquid? Consider the characteristics of liquids and solids. Liquids have a definite volume, but they take the shape of their container. A solid has a fixed shape as well as fixed volume. So, for the glass to be a liquid it would need to be able to change its shape or flow. Does glass flow? No, it does not! Probably the idea that glass is a liquid came from observing old window glass, which is thicker at the bottom than at the top. This gives the appearance that gravity may have caused the glass to slowly flow. However, glass does not flow over time! Older glass has variations in thickness because of the way that it was made. Glass that was blown will lack uniformity because the air bubble used to thin out the glass does not expand evenly through the initial glass ball. Glass that was spun when hot also lacks uniform thickness because the initial glass ball is not a perfect sphere and does not rotate with perfect precision. Glass the was poured when molten is thicker at one end and thinner at the other because the glass started to cool during the pouring process. It makes sense that the thicker glass would either form at the bottom of a plate or would be oriented this way, in order to make the glass as stable as possible. Modern glass is produced in such a way that has an even thickness. When you look at modern glass windows, you never see the glass become thicker at the bottom. It is possible to measure any change in the thickness of the glass using laser techniques; such changes have not been observed. Float Glass The flat glass that is used in modern windows is produced using the float glass process. Molten glass floats on a bath of molten tin. Pressurized nitrogen is applied to the top of the glass so that it acquires a mirror-smooth finish. When the cooled glass is placed upright it has and maintains a uniform thickness across its entire surface. Amorphous Solid Although glass does not flow like a liquid, it never attains a crystalline structure that many people associate with a solid. However, you know of many solids that are not crystalline! Examples include a block of wood, a piece of coal and a brick. Most glass consists of silicon dioxide, which actually does form a crystal under the right conditions. You know this crystal as quartz. Physics Definition of Glass In physics, a glass is defined to be any solid that is formed by rapid melt quenching. Therefore, glass is solid by definition. Why Would Glass Be a Liquid? Glass lacks a first order phase transition, which means it does not have a volume, entropy, and enthalpy throughout the glass transition range. This sets glass apart from typical solids, such that it resembles a liquid in this respect. The atomic structure of glass is similar to that of a supercooled liquid. Glass behaves like a solid when it is cooled below its glass transition temperature. In both glass and crystal, the translational and rotational motion is fixed. A vibrational degree of freedom remains.

Learn How to Properly Apply Gel Coat

Applying gel coat correctly is of utmost importance to making aesthetically pleasing and long-lasting end products. If gel coat is not applied properly it ultimately can increase the cost of the product made, as often is the case, cutting corners in this process will not prove to be worth it. How Do Improperly Applied Gel Coats Increase Cost? It depends on a number of parts that get rejected and the work required to fix them. The amount of work and material saved by investing in a proper gel coat application process will pay off in the end. Proper gel coat application includes: Material preparationEquipment calibrationUse of trained spray operatorsAppropriate spray methods Gel coats should be sprayed and not brushed. The equipment used for spraying must be selected carefully and maintained well. Catalyst levels are important to the curing of the gel coat and dependent upon shop conditions. Most gel coats’ ideal catalyst level is 1.8 percent at 77Â °F (25Â °C), however, specific shop conditions may require this number to vary between 1.2 and 3 percent. Environmental factors that may require an adjustment in catalyst levels are: TemperatureHumidityMaterial ageCatalyst brand or type A catalyst level below 1.2 percent or above 3 percent should not be used because the cure of the gel coated can be affected permanently. Product data sheets can give specific catalyst recommendations. There are many catalysts for use in resins and gel coats. Proper catalyst selection is vital. In gel coats, only MEKP-based catalysts should be used. The three active ingredients in a MEKP-based catalyst are: Hydrogen peroxideMEKP monomerMEKP dimmer Each component helps the curing of unsaturated polyesters. The following is each chemical’s specific role: Hydrogen peroxide: starts gelation phase, though does little for a cureMEKP monomer: plays roles in initial cure and overall cureMEKP dimer: active during file cure stage of polymerization, high MEKP dimer typically causes porosity (air entrapping) in gel coats Achieving the correct thickness of a gel coat is imperative as well. A gel coat should be sprayed in three passes for a total wet film thickness of 18 /- 2 mils thickness. Too thin a coating can result in undercure of the gel coat. Too thick a coat can crack when flexed. Spraying gel coat onto vertical surfaces will not cause sag because of its’ thixotropic characteristics. Gel coats will also not entrap air when applied according to instructions. Lamination With all other factors normal, gel coats are ready for laminating within 45 to 60 minutes after catalyzation. The time is dependent upon: TemperatureHumidityCatalyst typeCatalyst concentrationAir movement A slowing of gel and cure occurs with low temperatures, low catalyst concentrations, and high humidity. To test whether a gel coat is ready for lamination touch the film at the lowest part of the mold. It is ready if no material transfers. Always monitor equipment and application procedures to ensure proper application and cure of the gel coat. Material Preparation Gel coat materials come as complete products and not other materials other than catalysts should be added. For product consistency, gel coats should be mixed for 10 minutes before use. Agitation should be enough to allow the product to move all the way to the container walls while preventing as much turbulence as possible. It is imperative not to over-mix. This can decrease thixotropy, which increases sag. Overmixing may also result in styrene loss that can add to porosity. Air bubbling for mixing is not advised. It is ineffective and adds for potential water or oil contamination.

Leadership Interview Paper Leadership - 1307 Words

Leadership Interview Paper Leadership is a fundamental part of everyday life! Leadership and the concepts and practices associated to it play an intricate role in the society in which we live in. This one aspect of life is so vital to the existence of the human race that is taught to children at a very young age. As an adult, I can look back over my childhood and recall many memories that have fashioned the person that I am today. The most prominent memories, which I can recall from my childhood, include hot summer days, riding my bicycle, and childhood games. As I look back over my childhood, I reminisce over childhood games like Follow the leader, Simon says, and Mother may I. Now that I am an adult, I can see the life lessons†¦show more content†¦Now that we all have a solid understanding of leaders and leadership lets recap the interview that I conducted last week. Last week, I conducted an interview with Obeyda Jackson who is a leader in the retail industry. Jackson is currently a store manager for DD’s discount store, which is a division of Ross stores. Ms. Jackson has worked in the retail industry for over ten years operating in various leadership positions within organizations like Hobby Lobby, Burlington Coat Factory, and Family Dollar. Her leadership experience includes positions like key holder, assistant store manager, and now general manager. On a personal note, Jackson is a wife and a mother of two wonderful children. Jackson is originally from Puerto Rico and is fluent in Spanish and English. During the interview process, I asked Jackson several questions pertaining to her views on leadership and her personal leadership style. When I asked Jackson to define leadership she stated, â€Å"Leadership is how I empower individuals to get things done.† She went on to say, â€Å"Leadership is an art or a skill that requires practice and determination.† When I asked Jackson what is her personal leadership style she said that she was a democratic leader. As my interview progressed, I went on to ask Jackson who has been the most influential leader in her life and why? Jackson responded that she had a supervisorShow MoreRelatedLeadership Interview Paper721 Words   |  3 PagesLeadership Interview and Reflection Paper Grand Canyon University LDR-600 Leadership Styles and Development Tiffany Helton April 24, 2013 When interviewing a leader in an organization in order to discover their leadership style one must ask critical questions. I had the opportunity to interview Casey Aguirre who is a Team Manager at the Salem Call Center for T-Mobile. Casey has been with T-Mobile for over 11 years. In this interview we discussed her leadership style, the steps she took toRead MoreLeadership Interview and Summary Paper1228 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership Interview Summary Paper Artic Mechanical, Inc. is a family-owned and operated HVAC and refrigeration company located in Rancho Cucamonga, California. The company consists of over 150 employees in more than four states. Mona Gamboa is the account manager for some of the company’s more high profile and lucrative clientele. This paper is based of an interview with Ms. Gamboa and her opinions on motivation, the roles of groups and teams, and the organizational structure of Artic MechanicalRead MoreLeaders Are Not Made, They Are Exposed1225 Words   |  5 Pagesdemonstrated not only leadership traits, but leader-follower relationship. This paper discusses the emergence of and presence of â€Å"leadership† or lack of in Group Two based on the situational theory of leadership and the followership concept learned in DEPM 604. Group Dynamics Group Two consisted of four members: Melanie Glassford, Ashley Harmon, John Thomas and I (Bridgette Grant). The group was tasked with selecting and interviewing a leader in Distance Education, develop interview questions that areRead MoreCollege And University Leadership Program Essay1081 Words   |  5 PagesINTERVIEW WITH DR. PATRICIA MCDONALD When it comes to the topic of making a difference in the lives of students, most of us will readily agree that it can be very gratifying when college and university leaders inspire students and impact their lives, while developing them into future leaders. It is believed that making a difference in the lives of student is a shared effort that cannot be done alone even the smallest act of kindness can impact the world if people come together. A future desirableRead MoreCM220 UNIT 4 ASSIGNMENT1380 Words   |  6 Pagesemployees are happy and have fun at work. Leadership is not assaulting your employees, but to lead your employees you need to motivate by using caring, inspiring, empowering, teaching, growing, investing and your employees will follow and want to contribute. Assaulting as in forcing, criticizing, and bossing your employees around will not only wear them down and unmotivated them but it will exhaust the boss as well. This book is a great resource for my paper because it supports that leaders growRead MoreEssay on Assessment of a Study of Transformational Leadership1521 Words   |  7 Pagesof a study of the relationship between transformational leadership, empowerment and organizational commitment Introduction and Purpose of Study The implications of transformational leadership on a firm’s employees and the success of the firm overall are areas of ongoing research according to Ismail, Mohamed, Sulaiman, Mohamad, and Yusuf (2011). The authors make the case that in a changing global environment transformational leadership styles, rather than transactional styles, are a means organizationsRead MoreThe Effects of Human Resources Outsourcing on Leadership Performance and Employee Commitment1351 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership Performance Abstract The following pages focus on providing a theoretical framework and a research design intended to address the influence of human resources outsourcing on leadership performance and employee commitment. The Introduction discusses some of the issues that reflect the necessity of research in this field. The Theoretical Framework describes the variables used in this study. The paper continues with the Scientific Research Design section that presents the type of researchRead MoreLeadership Theory And The Main Methods Of Leadership1198 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership is an often misunderstood concept. Many people confuse management and leadership, classifying them as being the same. While a leader can be a manager and a manager can be a leader, they are often two separate things. There are four main components of leadership that we will discuss and there are many different ways to view and examine leadership with theory and maxim being the main methods. As many people point out, leadership is a complex topic to discuss. Leadership can mean manyRead MoreChapter Of Alpha Omicron Pi1410 Words   |  6 Pagessorority, I still have a lot to learn. Due to my lack of knowledge, there are many assumptions. My first assumption is about the leadership council of Beta Zeta. I presumed the girls in charge of the chapter were elected because of popularity. I also believe the leaders are running for the sake of their resumes. Another preconception I have is that sororities do not promote leadership. As far as â€Å"bigs† go, I considered them as a friend inside the sorority, not a leader, which is another assumption of mineRead MoreLeadership And Change Leadership Development852 Words   |  4 Pagesby Katzenbach (1995), change leadership is â€Å"the process whereby individuals who lead initiatives that influence dozens to hundreds of others to perform differently—and better—by applying multiple leadership and change app roaches.† Leadership alone is defined as setting a direction and developing the strategies necessary to move in that direction – that is, creating and achieving a vision – leadership is thus a process to do with change (Kotter 1999). Change leadership is critically important to the

Capital Punishment Results in a Better Society Essay

Capital Punishment Results in a Better Society When it comes to capital punishment most people think of the death penalty. I dont think people realize how many papers, books, and controversies there is over this topic. One of the many questions that arise when people think about capital punishment is how it affects crime, and more importantly, if we use the death penalty more effectively, it not only becomes a deterrent to crime, but also brings about a better society. When we use the death penalty and others learn from the mistakes of those receiving the death penalty then it is a successful deterrent. An article from the American Economic Review (quoted in the book The Death penalty, 1949) titled The Deterrent Effect of†¦show more content†¦(Not even enough time to show the judge that the bloody glove really does fit, and yet you say it doesnt.) Criminals feared this day in their careers. Nowadays it takes some fifteen years and millions of dollars to have a trial, have more trials, convict him, sentence him to die, then only give him a life sentence, then let him go in twenty years for good behavior and hope he doesnt kill again. Criminals do not fear this. They know they can get off easy and only rot in jail for a few years and theyre right back out. Back to the example of the mother and her children: If the mother does not punish her child right away in front of the others then the punishment does no good. The child forgets the bad thing he did and will probably end up doing it again. To try to support my point I gave a survey to three teachers at DeLaSalle High School. Unfortunately the survey turned on me. All of the participants had the opposite opinion of mine. They all agreed that capital punishment is not a successful deterrent to crime. They argued that it depends on the crime, and that criminals believe it wont happen to them. One topic that there was disagreement on was that of being able to sentence someone to die. One person hadShow MoreRelatedCapital Punishment1406 Words   |  6 PagesCapital Punishment Many positions can be defended when debating the issue of capital punishment. In Jonathan Glovers essay Executions, he maintains that there are three views that a person may have in regard to capital punishment: the retributivist, the absolutist, and the utilitarian. Although Glover recognizes that both statistical and intuitive evidence cannot validate the benefits of capital punishment, he can be considered a utilitarian because he believes that social usefulness isRead More Capital Punishment Essay1405 Words   |  6 Pages Capital Punishment nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Many positions can be defended when debating the issue of capital punishment. In Jonathan Glovers essay quot;Executions,quot; he maintains that there are three views that a person may have in regard to capital punishment: the retributivist, the absolutist, and the utilitarian. Although Glover recognizes that both statistical and intuitive evidence cannot validate the benefits of capital punishment, he can be considered a utilitarian becauseRead MoreArgumentative Essay On The Death Penalty1112 Words   |  5 Pagespenalty is defined as the punishment of execution, administered to someone who has committed a terrible crime (Capital Punishment 1). This is also known as capital punishment, which is known for disregarding the human rights. Although many countries continue to enforce the death penalty, some countries think it should not be practiced. According to the United States, the death penalty continues to be a charged and controversial political and legal issue(Capital Punishment 1). In addition to, the deathRead MoreCapital Punishment Is Not So Easy Way Out892 Words   |  4 PagesCapital Punishment a not so easy way out. Is showing the country that killing people is wrong by killing other people the right way to do it? Capital Punishment is a legal form of justice in 31 states of USA. This sentence consist in taking the life of the accused individuals as a punishment for committing atrocious crimes such as murder, rape and child abuse. Not only capital punishment is morally and ethically wrong, Capital punishment also violates our constitutional rights, it also takes theRead MoreCapital Punishment Should Not Be Legal950 Words   |  4 PagesCapital Punishment is still used in the United States, and there has been 152 people that has been released from death row since 1973. There has been many more people that were not released but executed and possibly innocent. 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In order to successfully argue out the topic of discussion, this section uses two antagonistic perceptions of theRead MoreThe Evolution Of Punishment And Its Effect On Society949 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The evolution of punishment has come a long way in Canada from Confederation in the 1800’s to present day 21st century. Research has been going on continuously to identify whether these punishments are based on a person’s behaviour or on society itself. The word punishment is referred to as a penalty inflicted on an offender through judicial procedure (Punishment | Definition of Punishment by Merriam-Webster). In today’s society does the punishment equivalent to the crime committedRead MoreCompartive Legal Systems Canada vs Usa1691 Words   |  7 PagesDominance over United States Penal System Name: Shenthuran Vijayananthan Teacher: Mrs. Merenda Due Date: Wed. Oct. 26, 2005 Topic: #1 Ââ€" Comparative Legal Systems (Canada vs. USA) Thesis: Canadas criminal justice system, specifically laws dealing with punishment, is far superior to that of the United States Canada and the United States of America are two neighboring countries who besides the border share numerous other key aspects. Though similar in beliefs and culture the two countries are far from alikeRead MoreArguments for Capital Punishment852 Words   |  3 PagesCapital punishment is the death penalty .Capital Punishment is the lawful infliction of death as a punishment and since ancient times it has been used for a wide variety of offences. As real justice requires people to suffer for their wrong doing, and to suffer in a way appropriate for the crime. Each criminal should get what their crime deserves and in the ease of a murderer what their crime deserves is death. Capital punishment permanently removes the worst criminals from society and should proveRead MoreTo Kill or Not to Kill, That is the Question Essay1153 Words   |  5 Pagesin today’s society. Some say that execution is unconstitutional, inhumane, or otherwise unfair. Death is feared widely above all other punishment. Capital punishment is not only the strongest deterrent, but it is also the most cost efficient solution to severe crimes, as well as the most effective in actually proving guilt, and bringing fair justice to the victims of these most heinous crimes. Although almost all societies throughout history have used the death penalty as punishment for crimes,

Deception Point Page 21 Free Essays

Tolland groaned. â€Å"Now he’s showing off. What Corky means is that we can prove a rock is a meteorite simply by measuring its chemical content. We will write a custom essay sample on Deception Point Page 21 or any similar topic only for you Order Now † â€Å"Hey, ocean boy!† Corky chided. â€Å"Let’s leave the science to the scientists, shall we?† He immediately turned back to Rachel. â€Å"In earth rocks, the mineral nickel occurs in either extremely high percentages or extremely low; nothing in the middle. In meteorites, though, the nickel content falls within a midrange set of values. Therefore, if we analyze a sample and find the nickel content reflects a midrange value, we can guarantee beyond the shadow of a doubt that the sample is a meteorite.† Rachel felt exasperated. â€Å"Okay, gentlemen, fusion crusts, chondrules, midrange nickel contents, all of which prove it’s from space. I get the picture.† She laid the sample back on Corky’s table. â€Å"But why am I here?† Corky heaved a portentous sigh. â€Å"You want to see a sample of the meteorite NASA found in the ice underneath us?† Before I die here, please. This time Corky reached in his breast pocket and produced a small, disk-shaped piece of stone. The slice of rock was shaped like an audio CD, about half an inch thick, and appeared to be similar in composition to the stony meteorite she had just seen. â€Å"This is a slice of a core sample that we drilled yesterday.† Corky handed the disk to Rachel. The appearance certainly was not earth-shattering. It was an orangish-white, heavy rock. Part of the rim was charred and black, apparently a segment of the meteorite’s outer skin. â€Å"I see the fusion crust,† she said. Corky nodded. â€Å"Yeah, this sample was taken from near the outside of the meteorite, so it still has some crust on it.† Rachel tilted the disk in the light and spotted the tiny metallic globules. â€Å"And I see the chondrules.† â€Å"Good,† Corky said, his voice tense with excitement. â€Å"And I can tell you from having run this thing through a petrographic polarizing microscope that its nickel content is midrange-nothing like a terrestrial rock. Congratulations, you’ve now successfully confirmed the rock in your hand came from space.† Rachel looked up, confused. â€Å"Dr. Marlinson, it’s a meteorite. It’s supposed to come from space. Am I missing something here?† Corky and Tolland exchanged knowing looks. Tolland put a hand on Rachel’s shoulder and whispered, â€Å"Flip it over.† Rachel turned the disk over so she could see the other side. It took only an instant for her brain to process what she was looking at. Then the truth hit her like a truck. Impossible! she gasped, and yet as she stared at the rock she realized her definition of â€Å"impossible† had just changed forever. Embedded in the stone was a form that in an earth specimen might be considered commonplace, and yet in a meteorite was utterly inconceivable. â€Å"It’s†¦ † Rachel stammered, almost unable to speak the word. â€Å"It’s†¦ a bug! This meteorite contains the fossil of a bug!† Both Tolland and Corky were beaming. â€Å"Welcome aboard,† Corky said. The torrent of emotions that gripped Rachel left her momentarily mute, and yet even in her bewilderment, she could clearly see that this fossil, beyond question, had once been a living biological organism. The petrified impression was about three inches long and looked to be the underside of some kind of huge beetle or crawling insect. Seven pairs of hinged legs were clustered beneath a protective outer shell, which seemed to be segmented in plates like that of an armadillo. Rachel felt dizzy. â€Å"An insect from space†¦ â€Å" â€Å"It’s an isopod,† Corky said. â€Å"Insects have three pairs of legs, not seven.† Rachel did not even hear him. Her head was spinning as she studied the fossil before her. â€Å"You can clearly see,† Corky said, â€Å"that the dorsal shell is segmented in plates like a terrestrial pill bug, and yet the two prominent tail-like appendages differentiate it as something closer to a louse.† Rachel’s mind had already tuned Corky out. The classification of the species was totally irrelevant. The puzzle pieces now came crashing into place-the President’s secrecy, the NASA excitement†¦ There is a fossil in this meteorite! Not just a speck of bacteria or microbes, but an advanced life-form! Proof of life elsewhere in the universe! 23 Ten minutes into the CNN debate, Senator Sexton wondered how he could have been worried at all. Marjorie Tench was grossly overestimated as an opponent. Despite the senior adviser’s reputation for ruthless sagacity, she was turning out to be more of a sacrificial lamb than a worthy opponent. Granted, early in the conversation Tench had grabbed the upper hand by hammering the senator’s prolife platform as biased against women, but then, just as it seemed Tench was tightening her grip, she’d made a careless mistake. While questioning how the senator expected to fund educational improvements without raising taxes, Tench made a snide allusion to Sexton’s constant scapegoating of NASA. Although NASA was a topic Sexton definitely intended to address toward the end of the discussion, Marjorie Tench had opened the door early. Idiot! â€Å"Speaking of NASA,† Sexton segued casually. â€Å"Can you comment on the rumors I keep hearing that NASA has suffered another recent failure?† Marjorie Tench did not flinch. â€Å"I’m afraid I have not heard that rumor.† Her cigarette voice was like sandpaper. â€Å"So, no comment?† â€Å"I’m afraid not.† Sexton gloated. In the world of media sound bites, â€Å"no comment† translated loosely to â€Å"guilty as charged.† â€Å"I see,† Sexton said. â€Å"And how about the rumors of a secret, emergency meeting between the President and the administrator of NASA?† This time Tench looked surprised. â€Å"I’m not sure what meeting you’re referring to. The President takes many meetings.† â€Å"Of course, he does.† Sexton decided to go straight at her. â€Å"Ms. Tench, you are a great supporter of the space agency, is that right?† Tench sighed, sounding tired of Sexton’s pet issue. â€Å"I believe in the importance of preserving America’s technological edge-be that military, industry, intelligence, telecommunications. NASA is certainly part of that vision. Yes.† In the production booth, Sexton could see Gabrielle’s eyes telling him to back off, but Sexton could taste blood. â€Å"I’m curious, ma’am, is it your influence behind the President’s continued support of this obviously ailing agency?† Tench shook her head. â€Å"No. The President is also a staunch believer in NASA. He makes his own decisions.† Sexton could not believe his ears. He had just given Marjorie Tench a chance to partially exonerate the President by personally accepting some of the blame for NASA funding. Instead, Tench had thrown it right back at the President. The President makes his own decisions. It seemed Tench was already trying to distance herself from a campaign in trouble. No big surprise. After all, when the dust settled, Marjorie Tench would be looking for a job. Over the next few minutes, Sexton and Tench parried. Tench made some weak attempts to change the subject, while Sexton kept pressing her on the NASA budget. â€Å"Senator,† Tench argued, â€Å"you want to cut NASA’s budget, but do you have any idea how many high-tech jobs will be lost?† Sexton almost laughed in the woman’s face. This gal is considered the smartest mind in Washington? Tench obviously had something to learn about the demographics of this country. High-tech jobs were inconsequential in comparison to the huge numbers of hardworking blue-collar Americans. Sexton pounced. â€Å"We’re talking about billions in savings here, Marjorie, and if the result is that a bunch of NASA scientists have to get in their BMWs and take their marketable skills elsewhere, then so be it. I’m committed to being tough on spending.† How to cite Deception Point Page 21, Essay examples

International Marketing Mix Strategies of The Lion Pty Limited

Question: Discuss about the International Marketing Mix Strategies of The Lion Pty Limited. Answer: Introduction As inferred from the previous assignments, The Lion Pty Limited has been working in the food and beverage industry for a decade of years now. This organization has started its operations from Australia and gradually expanded into New Zealand. The Company provides premium products of dairy, alcoholic and non alcoholic beverages. The Company is trying to achieve more international fame and name, by thinking to venture into the South Africa markets. The markets in South Africa are a persistent hub for the beverage industry. The beverage industry in Africa is controlled by the monopolistic economy. The establishment of the business in the African markets will help the company in achieving its objectives. In order to achieve the goals, the organization has analyzed the markets of the beverage industry in Africa. The company aims at targeting the middle age group and the youngsters in order to achieve goodwill and capture more and more of clients in the emerging markets. The competitor ana lysis is done, where it was found that Coca Cola is the biggest rival in the beverage industry for the various other companies. The markets in Africa cause a threat to the venture of the Lion Pty Limited due to the legislative measures and rules and regulations of the country on the import of the sugary drinks in the country. The SWOT analysis too helped out in determining the core competencies and opportunities for the organization to expand their business in the international market. The analysis has helped in outlining themarketing strategies required for the organization to expand their business in the foreign country. The main focus of this report is to outline the marketing objectives of the organization that it can achieve over a period of 12 months. Also, by understanding themarketing mix strategy of the organization, critical understanding is taken in order to formulate the strategic recommendations according to the standardization and adaptation of the strategies. The stud y further highlights the plan in order to administer, measure and control the international marketing strategy deployed for the Lion Pty Limited while expanding their business in the South African markets (Agency, 2015). Objectives of the organization The objectives for the organization refer to as the goals and targets of the organization. The objectives can be related to the sales, marketing and financial objectives. This part of the report highlights the objectives of the Lion Pty Limited that it can achieve and should achieve for a period of the first 12 months while venturing the markets of the beverage industry in South Africa. The organization aims at determining the objectives according to the SMART goals, i.e., the goals will be set that are highly specific, measurable, attainable in the particular time frame of 12 months, accurate and realistic. Following are the objectives of the organization in context with the plan originated in order to enter the international markets along with the domestic markets: In accordance with the growth of the beverage industry in the South African region, the Lion Pty Limited aims at acquiring the market share by 15% in the coming one year (Pfitzer Krishnaswamy, 2007). The sales projection for the first year is aimed by gaining a share of 20% itself. The net profit for the first year is aimed almost 25% of the Lion Pty Limited. The organization is aiming at spending $200 million on the promotional activities in order to promote the products in all the regions of the South Africa. To increase its operations in the South African market by 6% The aim is to provide the products that do not cause any harm to the health of the targeted audience. The organization aims at increasing the trail of the targeted group to 5% in the first year. The aim of the enterprise is to maintain its position in the monopolistic market. The objective is to build goodwill and fame by delivering the best quality products and services. To increase the customer service and satisfaction in the South African market The aim is to attain competitive advantage by adopting the suitable marketing strategies such as generic strategies or positioning strategy (OBrien, 2016). The core objective is to deliver the products with the help of talented managers and professionals, which aim at inducing the customers. Thereby, these are objectives, which can be achieved by the organization in the first 12 months of its operation in the South African market. Such objectives are highly attainable and can be accomplished by the Lion Pty Limited in the coming first year of its business in the international market. With the help of its retained growth and goodwill and also with the help of its premium and unique beverages, the organization can certainly achieve such sales and financial objectives easily. The above stated objectives will help the organization in facing the competition from the industrial rival firm, i.e., Coca Cola Company. Strategic Recommendations for the 4Ps The marketing mix strategy refers to as the set of tactical tools and techniques that are controlled according to the market situation in order to increase the customer base. The tools are used in order to attract the targeted audience. It refers to all the practices that an organization can take in order to uplift the demand for its products in the concerned market. When establishing the business in the new markets and country, the marketing mix strategy must inculcate some strategic recommendations that will help in standardizing and adapting the domestic as well as the international markets. The Lion Pty Limited will have to consider, which elements of the marketing mix should be standardized and which to be adapted. Standardization of the marketing mix provides advantages and disadvantages to the organization. It provides a greater volume of sales, goodwill, lower cost and a better brand image across the world (Meyer Bernier, 2010). When the organization aims at launching a new product or establishing itself in the new market, the adaptation of the marketing mix is preferred. Following are the recommendations for the marketing mix:- Product: The product offered by the Lion Pty Limited is the tangible product with unique packaging. The product is the ice cream, milk and yogurt that will be offered in the international markets. The standardized approach can be adopted when the tastes and preferences of the customers in the domestic and the international market are same. But, the culture and taste difference is too huge between South Africa and Australia that the company, can rely on the standardized approach by inducing the customers for it produces. The certain modifications can be done regarding the color of the product, design, packaging and etc. This will help the Lion Pty Limited in increasing the sales and providing better customer services both in the domestic as well as in the international market (Valassis Rsen, 2013). Price: The price for the products depend on the brand and the volume of the product purchased. The organization must consider the advantages and disadvantages of Standardization and Adaptation. The standardization refers to the process of setting the fixed amount of price in all the regions of the market across the globe. But, This type of strategy is suitable for the B2B business. Thereby, the company must adopt the adaptation strategy in order to fix the prices according to the factors prevailing in the foreign market. The competitive situation, tariff barriers and legislative measures, customer preferences in the foreign market drives to obtain the adaptation strategy in the South African market. This will help the organization in fixing the prices according to the situation in the domestic as well as the international market (Zou, Andrus, Norvell, 1997). The standardization approach is not recommended for the foreign market in context to this element of the marketing mix. Althou gh adapting the price strategy is sensitive, but will help the organization in achieving its organizational goals and objectives easily and permissibly. Promotion: This is the third element of the marketing mix strategy. This strategy aims at using the promotional activities like media advertising, personal selling, public relations, sales promotions and etc, in order to induce the customers to buy the particular product of the organization. The advertising message of the Lion Pty Limited organization will depend on the culture, language, nature, regional, economic values and media availability in the countries. At present, the organization promotes in Australia and New Zealand. The company is planning to venture into the markets of South African countries, where the language and religion of the customers is different from the customers in their domestic market (CIM, 2009). Therefore, the recommendation for the Lion Pty Limited organization is to adopt the adaptation strategy. This strategy will not change the whole advertising message, but will bring certain modifications according to the language and other factors of the South Afri can market. Also, this is recommended as this is a highly cost effective strategy for any modification or adaptation according to the situational factors of the country will not cost must in promoting the products. This will help the organization in achieving the target of inducing more and more of customer base. Place: This is the element where the distribution of the product takes place with the help of an effective design and channels of distribution that helps in enabling the product at a particular place on a particular time to the right buyer. For adopting the strategy of standardization and adaptation, the firm must first understand the distribution channels available in the country. It is very difficult to adopt the same channels as the domestic market. The distribution channels are the most important component in the marketing mix. It is recommended to ascertain the several factors such as the customer, the product and the culture in the South African market. The Lion Pty Limited must understand the factors like distribution infrastructure, disposable incomes and purchasing habits of the customers in the foreign market. Since, it is found that the distribution is highly at the place of colleges and universities where the population of youth is higher, thereby, the standardized techni que can also be used. The standardized technique of inclusive distribution must be followed by the organization in the international market. It will help in increasing sales along with the increase in the customer recognition (Batraga Puke, 2015). Also, this strategy is ideal for the beverage products, which will help in capturing the international market. Thus, it is clear that the organization must use certain generic strategies and also should adopt new strategies in order to venture its operations in the South African market. The organization can adopt the standardization strategy in elements like distribution and product, whereas must adopt the adaptation strategy in the elements like price and promotion. Plans for managing, measuring controlling international marketing strategy It is very important for the organizations to plan the process for managing, measuring and controlling the global marketing strategies in order to create a flexible structure that helps the organization in facing the differences of the new markets, where the organization has started its operations. The three aspects will be considered in the report (Nartoma, 1998). Managing: This refers to the planning and implementation of the strategy in the organization. The proper working environment according to the international set up must be organized in order to support the employees of the international market. The plan for executing the activities in the organization is implemented. The marketing program is also implemented according to the generic and adapted strategies. After the marketing program is implemented, the tactical details are recognized and arranged in order to execute effective working in the organization. The international marketing manager will look after all the men and material. He will aim at managing and organizing the activities according to the strategies of the international marketing effort. Measuring: Once, the plan is organized and implemented in the Lion Pty Limited, The manager will aim at measuring the targeted performance with the present performance of the operations. Oversight will be provided by the manager in order to perform the activities according to the supervision. The working environment is ensured according to the needs of the employees. The work in the organization is continuously monitored. The employees are motivated and trained according to the needs of the organization in order to perform the tasks. The organizational relationships are measured with the customers in order to build more and effective customer relations (FAO, 2013). Controlling: This plan aims at ensuring the performance and behavior of the employees and operations, according to the plans of the organization. The control is established in order to ascertain any kind of deviations in the organizational performance. The organization should establish standards in order to overcome the problems of deviations. If any kind of deviations are found, the reason behind such deviations are ascertained. Accordingly the corrective actions must be incorporated in the Lion Pty Limited organization. The control is must in the organization as this helps in enabling effective working in the organization. Also, by setting the standards, the goals will be achieved by the organization, whether in the domestic market or in the international market. Thereby, this is the plan for managing, measuring and controlling the international marketing efforts made by the Lion Pty Organization in order to expand and venture the beverage markets of the South Africa. This plan will help in maintaining control in the operations of the company (Schrage, 2015). Conclusion It can be concluded from the above analysis, that the Lion Pty Limited can achieve the marketing objectives in a period of 12 months with the help of strategies adopted as stated in the previous assignment. The positioning strategy and generic strategies will help in achieving the organizational goals of the Lion Pty Limited. The marketing mix strategy is the most component of achieving the tasks in the global market. The standardization vs the adaptation concept in the elements of the marketing mix has been deeply analyzed. The elements of the marketing mix have been discussed according to the appropriate strategy while making a venture in the international market. The proper strategic recommendations have been stated for the company to adopt the adaptation strategy or the standardization strategy while making the use of elements of the marketing mix. Further, the study involves the plans relating to the organizing, measuring and controlling the efforts made by the Lion Pty Limited in establishing its business in the international market. A complete and appropriate plan has been depicted in order to achieve its targets and goals. Thereby, the complete study will assist the organization in developing its operations in the international market. References Agency, N. T. (2015). Food and beverage manufacturing industry report. Retrieved from https://www.ntarestore.org/images/PDF/Research/New_Survey/Sector-Survey-Report-Food-Beverage-New.pdf Batraga, A., Puke, I. (2015). Integrating standardisation/adaptation in international marketing strategies. 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