Example Of Scientifi Method Essays - Atmospheric Thermodynamics

Case Of Scientifi Method Logical Method ? Deforestation in Rhondonia, Brazil Perception: In one of the significant locales of deforestation, the region of Rhondonia, Brazil, the precipitation has been harshly as well as totally halted. Hypothesis: As the tropical rainforest of Rhondonia, Brazil is leveled for farmland, precipitation is altogether and straightforwardly decreased. Precipitation is diminished on the grounds that there are less trees to return water fume to the air through tree transpiration, or water dissipation through trees. Relative moistness is the measure of water fume noticeable all around contrasted and the measure of fume expected to make the air soaked at the air's ebb and flow temperature. The point past immersion is precipitation, or precipitation. In the event that deforestation is the reason for diminished precipitation, at that point diminished normal relative moistness will be clear. Trial Design: All together, to seclude deforestation as the essential factor causing diminished precipitation, tests will be led to quantify relative moistness. A sling psychrometer will be utilized to pick up these estimations. http://www.taftan.com/thermodynamics/HYGROMT.HTM It is utilized to gauge the measure of dampness noticeable all around. The dry-bulb thermometer gauges the air temperature, and the wet-bulb quantifies the least temperature that can be acquired by vanishing water into the air at consistent weight. A number cruncher will be utilized to change over to relative stickiness. http://www.srh.noaa.gov/elp/wxcalc/rh.html El Paso National Weather Service Office's climate number cruncher This converter will take the wet-bulb temperature, the air temperature and the current uncorrected weight and computes the relative stickiness and dewpoint. It would be ideal if you enter your air temperature and afterward pick either Fahrenheit or Celsius. Fahrenheit Celsius If you don't mind enter your wet-bulb temperature and afterward pick either Fahrenheit or Celsius. Fahrenheit Celsius It would be ideal if you enter your genuine station pressure (not ocean level weight) and afterward pick either millibars or creeps of Mercury. Millibars Inches of Mercury Relative stickiness estimations will be taken each day for one year. The estimations will be taken at various stations in the rainforest. Four stations will be found no farther than 10 miles from current territories of deforestation. Four different stations will be situated at the inside of the rainforest, and in any event 50 miles from ongoing deforestation. After these estimations are taken, they will be investigated in three distinct manners. Run Experiment: The day by day estimations were followed for one year. Examination 1 - The ongoing relative moistness estimations of the rainforest will be contrasted with past figures of relative stickiness. The normal off all relative mugginess estimations will be contrasted with the general stickiness of the rainforest before this examination. Correlation 2 ? Ongoing relative mugginess estimations of various locales of the rainforest will be thought about. Estimations from zones close to destinations of deforestation will be contrasted with estimations from locales further from regions of deforestation. Examination 3 ? Estimations towards the finish of the examination will be contrasted with estimations toward the finish of the investigation. Normal relative mugginess estimations for the primary month of the examination will be contrasted with the normal from the most recent month. Examination: Correlation 1 - Taking the normal everything being equal and contrasting it with the normal relative moistness from the earlier year it was discovered that the normal relative stickiness had dropped one percent. Examination 2 ? Taking the normal of each stations relative moistness, it was discovered that all stations inside 10 miles from deforestation had a normal of two percent bring down that stations in any event 50 miles from deforestation. Correlation 3 ? Taking the normal relative mugginess for the most recent month from all stations and contrasting it with the principal months normal it was discovered that the normal had dropped .5 percent throughout the year. End: The discoveries propose that deforestation is influencing the measure of precipitation in Brazil. The deforestation won't just keep on influencing precipitation yet will prompt expanded a worldwide temperature alteration as evaporative cooling diminishes. Evaporative cooling happens when sun based vitality, or warmth, is utilized to change over water from trees to water fume or dampness. Science

Analytical Report of Professional Practice (Behaviour Management) Essay

Investigative Report of Professional Practice (Behavior Management) - Essay Example This intelligent piece portrays the difficulties as an instructive expert in conduct the executives, a distinguished individual shortcoming, which requires huge improvement so as to encourage a durable homeroom condition and help youngsters in building a feeling of commonness and to regard the privileges of others from a social angle. There are a scope of systems intended to alter risky practices with grade school-matured youngsters, including components from subjective conduct treatment, an intelligent and dictator job of the instructive professional, making sanctions, and an assortment of support techniques to check or in any case deconstruct issue propensities in the study hall. As an expert, the professional must comprehend which methodologies are suitable for kids in the pre-operational or solid activities phase of subjective advancement so as to guarantee that the previously mentioned procedures will be viable in delivering a socially-agreeable learning condition and checking r isky conduct issues. ... r has as of late assumed the expert job of 1:1, working with a kid keeping up extremely forceful practices and oppositional perspectives that essentially confuse the learning procedure. Customary conduct the board systems are as a rule incapable while connecting with the youngster, speaking to a considerable test in encouraging a positive instructive practice. This kid keeps up a socio-verifiable foundation that evidently didn't give fitting social direction and procedures for controling imprudent reactions, making it the job of the specialist to endeavor to deconstruct these parental figure oversights that possible happened during before youth improvement. Reflection will concentrate on these mediations with the forceful and rebellious youngster, referencing contemporary hypothetical situations on conduct the executives in the instructive condition to aid proficient self-improvement in conduct control. Characterizing conduct and conduct the board. Conduct is characterized by Endoo ( 2012, p.83) as the† explicit activities and additionally responses of the person comparable to natural boosts, either cognizant or unconscious† that drives idiosyncrasies and lead. Conduct the executives is systems that are comprehensive of all activities to improve the probability that individuals, both as people or in the gathering/group condition, decide to show practices that are completely gainful, socially proper and in any event, satisfying from an individual viewpoint (Baldwin and Baldwin 1986). Conduct the executives works under the reason that the expert endeavoring to oversee issue practices can successfully control changes to conduct and perspectives once the specialist recognizes what the individual considers expressly fulfilling (Grenning 1993). They key

Post-Coloniale Theory_Gender Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Post-Coloniale Theory_Gender - Essay Example It is not necessarily the case that he didn't endure the concealment of body, psyche and soul under outsider bosses or being an outsider in his own nation, as did a large number of others before him. To emulate a mainstream proclamation: You can remove imperialism from a state however you can not take a settlement (of individuals) out of expansionism! Fanon was conceived in the French settlement of Martinique, French Antilles in the Caribbean. Creole is the language of this settlement and dark, the shade of his skin. Under the French organization, Martinicians were conceived and raised as Frenchmen or Frenchwomen. This superimposition of an European culture on an African people group in the Caribbean islands shaped the foundation to the advancement of Fanon’s thinking and writings1. Officially prepared as a therapist and a scholar, he was a unique mastermind, Marxist progressive and essayist on suppressive parts of expansionism and propounded his perspectives in his original works, generally significant of which are â€Å"Black Skin, White Masks† (1952) and â€Å"The Wretched of the Earth† (1961). Through these compositions and different works, Fanon has helped us comprehend expansionism as more than the activity of political and financial force, however as a mental procedure. We will break down this contention in the light of his social moorings, his works and his progressive translations. The word expansionism has its causes in the mid-fourteenth century Roman word ‘colonye’, a settlement, a station or involved grounds outside the Roman city states.2 ‘Colonialism’ is a nineteenth century idea of social, political and financial approach towards ‘occupied lands’ under the British colonialism. During the fifteenth and sixteenth hundreds of years, European countries experienced renaissance of craftsmanship, writing, music and show even as Christianity and the congregation stood up to the State to catch and control the psyches of the individuals. The nautical

Implications of Efficient Market Hypothesis †Free Samples to Students

Question: Examine about the Implications of Efficient Market Hypothesis. Answer: Presentation: It is urgent for an investigator or financial specialist to choose the offers for making a venture as different abilities and information is required by the examiner to research over the hazard and return of the organization. Typically, two techniques are thought about by the expert to direct this investigation which is specialized and central examination. In specialized examination, share costs are broke down and as indicated by that and different variables, future development is the offer estimating is portrayed though in basic examination, money related execution of the organization is assessed and full scale financial information is likewise explored to break down the future developments in share costs of the organization. In specialized investigation and key examination, different instruments are utilized. Anyway the most celebrated instruments which have been utilized in this paper are moving normal and line diagram (specialized) and PE Multiple and profit markdown model (cruci al). In this report paper, two portfolios have been readied which incorporates 10 stocks each. Out of these portfolios, one portfolio has been set up as indicated by the specialized investigation and other one has been set up as per the crucial examination. The stock investigation for making a speculation begins by assessing the companys monetary execution and position. Further, recorded costs patterns of the stock are investigated to settle on a superior choice about the interest in the stock. Along these lines, two techniques are thought about by the examiner to lead this investigation which is specialized and crucial examination (Schlichting, 2013). These strategies are very pivotal to examine the stock. In any case, it has been seen that different difficulties are there which has been delayed by proficient market speculations and conduct fund hypotheses in which the investigation of stock and determination stocks is finished. The proficient market speculation hypothesis and social account hypothesis give a perception about the market (Schlichting, 2013). Indeed, even the stock choice by conveying out a total examination of essential angles and specialized perspectives couldn't be stayed away from by the chance of beating when conduc t fund impacts persevere. The speculations of money and basic ideas like Harry Markowitzs current portfolio hypothesis and Sharpes capital resource valuing model have offered a solid premise to examine over the determination of the stocks and execution of the stock (Elton, et al., 2009). The above basic speculations depend on a conviction that whole financial specialists act all things considered. Further, key speculations likewise accept that the financial exchange is effective and consistently stay comparative all the occasions because of the explanation that the whole required data is available by all the members in the market all the occasions (Elton, et al., 2009). However, the social money hypothesis contradicts the perception that whole financial specialists are reasonable. Further, productive market speculation hypothesis delineate that the perspective on capital markets are constantly proficient. It must be kept in mind that the models and strategies which has been utilized in key investigation and s pecialized breaks down are constantly founded on a supposition that the speculators are reasonable and capital markets are creative (Schlichting, 2013). Consequently, the contentions are constantly existed among the principal results and specialized outcomes and the social fund results and productive market hypotheses results. The speculators battle to hit the market by researching over the stocks which are deliberately covering the central and specialized angles, yet the EMH states that it is difficult to beat the market (Ackert and Deaves, 2009). Also, the conduct account ideas expresses that speculators couldn't generally be reasonable which delineates that the choices made by them for purchasing and selling the stocks couldn't generally be approved on the central investigation and specialized examination. The selection of speculators to purchase and deal the offers are at times influenced by conduct power (Ackert and Deaves, 2009). For example, in the time of 2008 when the worldwide money related emergency has occurred in USA and influenced the economy of USA just as different nations like United Kingdom (UK), China and Australia . The essential ideas delineates that the money related emergency of USA in 2008 probably influenced the US just, however it left an impression over the whole world. The overall capital markets went into melancholy when the worldwide money related emergency has been experienced in the US (Baker and Nofsinger, 2010). The principle purpose for this misery in all the capital markets and economy was the conduct impacts. It has been seen that when the United States stocks had tumbled down, the different companys financial specialists, for example, the UK, Australia and China had likewise started to lose their confidence and they have begun selling their hold stock. What's more, in this way the immense selling made the organization feeble and it straightforwardly had an effect over the offer cost of the organization (Baker and Nofsinger, 2010). The social account fundamentally influences over the comprehension of capital markets, the EMH likewise offers sight of another side of the capital market. The social money rule expresses that financial specialist couldn't be reasonable and the EMH delineates that the capital market couldn't be ineffective (Kurth, 2013). The EMH hypothesis depends on a thought that the protections costs join whole required data, and in this way, it become incomprehensible for financial specialists to take advantage of the data hole and with its assistance, make over the top additions. At the end of the day, the EMH portrays that the speculators couldn't discover the protections underestimated or exaggerated to make opportunities to gain more benefits. however, the budgetary crucial ideas has been built up in the CAPM and Gordons development rate model which gives a thought that the protections could be exaggerated or underestimated in the market. Monetary major standards portrays that the protections which are exchanging the market couldn't generally be exchanged their faire esteem (Kurth, 2013). Levelheaded and procedure: The technique incorporates whole system which helps in choosing the information and systematic types of gear to reach a determination from the chose data. It is pivotal to receive an appropriate strategy for finishing the examination work in a powerful and effective way. In this report the capital market has been mulled over, in which the stock has been investigated, and it has discovered that whether the chose stocks would have the option to beat the market or not (Phillips and Stawarski, 2016). The chose philosophy for this report involves stock determinations two essential strategies which are major and specialized techniques. The basic investigation and specialized examination offers distinctive idea which depend on assorted parameters of choosing the stocks (Palicka, 2011). Since, as the two techniques depend on various standards and ideas in this way, none no strategy is predominant on other. Truth be told, one might say that both the strategies, for example, specialized and major could be known as every others correlative technique. The key examination results in stocks determination which are very solid in setting of money related execution simultaneously the specialized investigation centers over the development in the costs alongside the budgetary presentation of the organization which offers them the best premise to pick a decent stock (Palicka, 2011). For this report, it has been discovered that the supply of Keppel Corporation which is money related solid as the arrival of the organization is very solid (Yahoo account, 2017). Further, as per the central examination it has been included that the stock named by Courts Asia Limited is very solid as the arrival of the value is 8.83% (Yahoo fund, 2017). Subsequently, the central investigation over the determination of the stocks would be acceptable in setting of the monetary exhibition. Simultaneously the stocks which h ave been chosen by the specialized examination would likewise offer a decent come back to the investors (Palicka, 2011). It has been seen that it is a decent decision for the expert and financial specialists to examine the stock as indicated by both the strategies as because of it, the outcome would be reasonable and it would assist the speculator with making a superior venture. As indicated by the momentum look into, 2 portfolios have been readied which incorporates 20 stocks which have been chosen by the essential and specialized investigation. Essential portfolio has been set up as indicated by the two primary instruments of central strategies which are Dividend markdown model and PE different techniques. In this report, the stock which has been named by incredible Eastern restricted has been mulled over for PE numerous model and profit markdown model. PE Multiple Models: The characteristic estimation of Great Eastern constrained has been applied over the PE various models as indicated by the accompanying subtleties: PE Multiple Model Industry PE proportion 23.50 EPS of Great Eastern 0.14 Characteristic Value 3.29 The characteristic estimation of the stock has been delineated in the above given table is SGD 3.29 which is very higher than the offer cost of the stock and in this way the offer cost of the organization is underestimated. Profit rebate model: Profit rebate model is a device of basic investigation which has been mulled over to break down the inherent estimation of the stock. The inherent estimation of Great Eastern constrained has been determined as beneath: Profit Discount Model Profit anticipated 0.10 Development rate 2% Rebate rate 5.00% Natural Value 3.34 It has been seen through this model the natural estimation of the stock is SGD 3.34 which is portraying that the stock is exaggerated as the present market cost of the organization is very lower than the inherent estimation of the organization. Specialized

Bob Mcdonald P Free Essays

Presentation Procter and Gamble is an organization that has indicated amazing accomplishment since its creation in the year 1837. Procter and Gamble has advanced toward a fruitful profession and is currently an internationally perceived business to business firm that circulates a few items around the globe. Sway McDonald is the present President and CEO of the firm. We will compose a custom article test on Weave Mcdonald P or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now He has held this troublesome activity since 2009 and has likewise added to late accomplishment of the firm. The motivation behind why this position is so troublesome is because of the assorted and muddled movement of the firm. By and by Bob McDonald has done a great deal for the firm and has kept the firm ready for action and at its best. A previous U. S Army commander, Bob McDonald has worked for Procter and Gamble for a long time before he became CEO. Since he went after a position in PG in 1980, he worked himself to the top during that time in the firm. After entering the firm, Bob never thought of turning into a CEO. He simply required a steady activity and a changeless home in Cincinnati. Weave clarifies his off-base desires in the accompanying statement â€Å"I was leaving the military help, and I truly joined PG so as to consume my whole time on earth and raise my family in a city like Cincinnati and never need to move. So in 1989, when the organization came to me and stated, â€Å"We’d like you to move to Toronto, Canada,† I stated, â€Å"Did I accomplish something incorrectly? † (Bernard-Kuhn, 2012) Due to the way that the previous CEO of the firm foreseen that the organization would have been progressively effective in global markets, he sent Bob and other organization representatives to work in various pieces of the reality where PG offices existed. At the point when Bob accomplished his new situation as CEO he communicated his emotions by saying â€Å"I would depict those first weeks as loaded up with nervousness and lowliness. This is an establishment that is, in my brain, the best organization throughout the entire existence of the world. There are less than 40 nations that have been around as long as PG. † Bob felt strange and felt troubled to has such tremendous duty on his neck. (Bernard-Kuhn, 2012) Bob McDonald and PG As I said before Bob, when Bob became CEO he had no plans. He feared the duty given to him. This was what pushed him to actualize some incredible procedures. These methodologies demonstrated fruitful and expanded the firm’s generally nature of execution. The initial step Bob McDonald took as CEO of Procter and Gamble is reaffirming the firm’s reason which is â€Å"to contact and improve the lives of the world’s buyers through marked results of predominant quality and value†. (McDonald, 2012) He was resolved to build the organizations development through acquainting predominant items with fulfill purchaser needs and needs in a manageable and beneficial way. He was not actually sure how he was to that and is the reason he answered to friends’ congrats by saying, â€Å"Please don’t salute me. It’s excessively untimely. Hold up until I resign, and let’s think back and see whether the organization is more grounded than it was the point at which I dominated. † (Bernard-Kuhn, 2012) Bob was terrified by the level of duty that he was troubled by and didn't know how he was to prevail with regards to improving the firm. Bounce presented another technique which was executing right away. His technique was to concentrate on its â€Å"40 biggest organizations, its 20 best advancements, and the 10 most beneficial creating markets†. (McDonald, 2012) This system is essentially founded on great shopper relationship working through the expansion of brand mindfulness and brand adequacy. Because of its assorted items Procter and Gamble has frequently ended up summing up regarding focusing on. It was not doing a generally excellent activity of contacting the correct buyers with the correct brands. By concentrating on specific brands, in any case, and appropriately focusing on the correct sections for these brands Bob had the option to make a superior open picture for the firm. Fundamentally the means that were taken here are transforming brands into creative ones and demonstrating the correct brand and item for the correct purchaser. This technique has prompted 4% development for Procter and Gamble every year four consistently it since it was actualized in 2009. This development has been accomplished despite the fact that there was no market development and there were numerous issues rising, for example, the budgetary emergency and diminishes in the pieces of the pie. So that was entirely great. The company’s expressed the consequences of its development since the execution of the procedure b expressing â€Å"in the last financial year, P;G returned $10 billion of money to investors through $6 billion of profits and $4 billion of offer repurchase. P;G delivered a profit for the 122nd back to back year †one of just nine organizations to have done this. The Company expanded the profit by 7%. This was the 56th continuous year the profit expanded †one of just six organizations to have done this†. (â€Å"Procter and gamble,† 2012) Bob McDonald Leadership When discussing how Bob drives his organization we see that he follows a worth based initiative. He has talked about this sort of authority a few times. He frequently says that â€Å"living a real existence driven by reason for existing is more significant and remunerating than wandering through existence without direction†. (Knight, 2011) He accepts that an effective business requires great arranging since individuals need to work with pioneers who are unsurprising and who plan out everything in their lives. Weave said to a gathering of understudies in a discourse that â€Å"people like to work for pioneers that are unsurprising, they like to work for pioneers that have a reason in their own lives and a qualities framework they can follow. † (Henretty, 2008) Bob even urges his representatives to look for a reason in life rather that solitary spotlight on an occupation in Procter and Gamble. He says that this makes for more advancement and more eagerness to put forth attempts. He tells his workers â€Å"don’t make your objective in life a situation at Procter and Gamble. You need something somewhat greater than that†. Henretty, 2008) Bob characterizes a decent pioneer as somebody who fabricates groups that put certain incentive in their work. These groups ought to figure out how to cooperate and through time become like a family. He further characterizes great initiative by saying that â€Å"â€Å"the genuine trial of administration isn’t what happens when yo u’re there, it’s what happens when you leave. † (Henretty, 2008) Basically his thought is about group building and keeping the group together. The kind of initiative Bob utilizes was supported by representatives. This is on the grounds that Bob urged workers to look for an incentive in their live and to be inventive. This resistance of opportunity prompted willing representatives. Representatives began functioning as though the organization was theirs. Obviously there is a constantly a negative side to everything. Wasteful representatives were regularly sacked. Actually Bob disposed of numerous representatives to leave space for new creative ones. Despite the fact that this was not increased in value by some it must be done so as to continue extending as a group. Bounces talks were extremely creative and pushed workers to put forth a valiant effort. End To close, Procter and Gamble has developed enormously since Bob McDonald ecame CEO. Weave utilized numerous systems to authorize deals. The mystery of his prosperity were not just because of brand and item arranged methodologies, but on the other hand was a consequence of good authority and great group the board. His authority abilities assumed a significant job in molding the representatives of the organization. In spite of the fact that Bob had to settle on unforgiving choices and fire individuals he additionally selected a lot of capable and experienced representatives. Bernard-Kuhn, L. (2012). Procter ; bet president: Company is individuals controlled. The Cincinnati Enquirer, Retrieved from http://www. usatoday. om/story/cash/business/2012/11/19/procter-bet president mcdonald/1715573/Henretty, A. (2008, July 10). Man with an arrangement: P;g coo sway mcdonald on ‘values-based leadership’. Recovered from http://www. kellogg. northwestern. edu/News_Articles/2008/bobmcdonaldpg. aspx Knight, B. (2011, September 7). P;g president weave mcdonald on values-based initiative. Recovered from http://www. owenbloggers. com/2011/09/07/pg-president sway mcdonald-on-esteem based-authority/McDonald, B. (2012). Procter and bet. Recovered from http://www. pg. com/en Procter and bet. (2012). Recovered from http://www. pg. com/en The most effective method to refer to Bob Mcdonald P, Essay models

Bradley, Bill

Bradley, Bill Bradley, Bill (William Warren Bradley), 1943â€", American athlete and politician, b. Crystal City, Mo. He first gained wide attention as an All-America basketball player at Princeton. Graduating in 1965, he attended Oxford as a Rhodes scholar and in 1967â€"77 starred for the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association. In 1979 he became a U.S. senator from New Jersey. Before retiring from the Senate in 1997, he gained a reputation as a reform-minded Democrat, influential especially on environmental, labor, and income-tax issues. Often mentioned as a possible presidential candidate, Bradley became (1999) a candidate for the 2000 Democratic presidential nomination, but he was defeated in the primaries by Al Gore . Bradley wrote about his visions for America's future in The Journey from Here (2000) and The New American Story (2007). See his account of his Knicks years, Life on the Run (1976), and his memoir, Time Present, Time Past (1996). The Columbia Electro nic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Police Discretion, and the Various Control Mechanisms - 550 Words

Police Discretion, and the Various Control Mechanisms (Coursework Sample) Content: Police discretionNameInstitutionPolice officers encounter various situations every day that they have to resolve. Although they go through the appropriate training meant to aid them in their work, there are situations whereby police officers have to make independent decisions without official guidance. Therefore, their ability to make appropriate judgments is referred to as discretion. For instance, police officers have to resolve whether a suspect needs to be arrested or if a case requires to be investigated. However, the situation in which discretion is applied is important to avoid its abuse. An analysis carried out by Guyot (1991) revealed that police officers require certain qualities to exercise discretion. First, they must be curious to investigate suspicious situations. Second, police officers must possess the ability to perceive danger for it is critical to their safety. However, officers occasionally overact to a situation due to their misinterpretation of t he state of affairs. Third, Guyot reports that police officers require a tragic perspective to be empathetic and compassionate in various circumstances. Furthermore, they must also be decisive which enables them to resolve critical situations swiftly. Fifth, they must exercise self-control and lastly officers need to know how to solve unique situations using various techniques (Gaines and Kappela, 2011). Consequently, if police officers exhibit these qualities, they can exercise discretion effectively.Control mechanisms are used to monitor the application of discretion. Such mechanisms not only regulate officers in what they do, but also it guides officers to tackle difficult situations. There are various internal regulatory mechanisms used to inhibit abuse of discretion. Such mechanisms include; policy directives, supervision and training. For example, an adequate examination of civilian complaints should be applied. Research shows that officers with higher numbers of complaints of ten use force. Therefore, civilians should be permitted to file complaints using any appropriate form of communication. Officers should not fail to accept claims and civilians are not to follow unwarranted requirements for the submission of their claim. Lastly, complaints should be acknowledged from every person even if they want to maintain their anonymity.External control mechanisms are enacted by agencies or individuals who may not have knowledge of the functions of the police department. Consequently, this control is attained through legislative oversight, civilian review boards, or the court system. Many civilian review boards were established in the 1960s due to police. The purpose of CRBà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s is to provide satisfactory resolution of civilian complaints against police officers. Also, to sustain the discipline of officers, assure citizen confidence in police officers, and influence police administrators based on feedback they receive from citizens (White 2010).The legisl ative control of discretion is exercised by the legislature in...

Is Glass a Liquid or a Solid

Glass is an amorphous form of matter. It is a solid. You may have heard different explanations about whether glass should be classified as a solid or as a liquid. Here is a look at the modern answer to this question and the explanation behind it. Key Takeaways: Is Glass a Liquid or a Solid? Glass is a solid. It has a definite shape and volume. It does not flow. Specifically, it is an amorphous solid because the silicon dioxide molecules are not packed in a crystal lattice.The reason people thought glass might be a liquid was because old glass windows were thicker at the bottom than at the top. The glass was thicker some places than others because of the way it was made. It was installed with the thicker part at the bottom because it was more stable.If you want to get technical, glass can be a liquid when it is heated until it is melted. However, at room temperature and pressure, it cools into a solid. Is Glass a Liquid? Consider the characteristics of liquids and solids. Liquids have a definite volume, but they take the shape of their container. A solid has a fixed shape as well as fixed volume. So, for the glass to be a liquid it would need to be able to change its shape or flow. Does glass flow? No, it does not! Probably the idea that glass is a liquid came from observing old window glass, which is thicker at the bottom than at the top. This gives the appearance that gravity may have caused the glass to slowly flow. However, glass does not flow over time! Older glass has variations in thickness because of the way that it was made. Glass that was blown will lack uniformity because the air bubble used to thin out the glass does not expand evenly through the initial glass ball. Glass that was spun when hot also lacks uniform thickness because the initial glass ball is not a perfect sphere and does not rotate with perfect precision. Glass the was poured when molten is thicker at one end and thinner at the other because the glass started to cool during the pouring process. It makes sense that the thicker glass would either form at the bottom of a plate or would be oriented this way, in order to make the glass as stable as possible. Modern glass is produced in such a way that has an even thickness. When you look at modern glass windows, you never see the glass become thicker at the bottom. It is possible to measure any change in the thickness of the glass using laser techniques; such changes have not been observed. Float Glass The flat glass that is used in modern windows is produced using the float glass process. Molten glass floats on a bath of molten tin. Pressurized nitrogen is applied to the top of the glass so that it acquires a mirror-smooth finish. When the cooled glass is placed upright it has and maintains a uniform thickness across its entire surface. Amorphous Solid Although glass does not flow like a liquid, it never attains a crystalline structure that many people associate with a solid. However, you know of many solids that are not crystalline! Examples include a block of wood, a piece of coal and a brick. Most glass consists of silicon dioxide, which actually does form a crystal under the right conditions. You know this crystal as quartz. Physics Definition of Glass In physics, a glass is defined to be any solid that is formed by rapid melt quenching. Therefore, glass is solid by definition. Why Would Glass Be a Liquid? Glass lacks a first order phase transition, which means it does not have a volume, entropy, and enthalpy throughout the glass transition range. This sets glass apart from typical solids, such that it resembles a liquid in this respect. The atomic structure of glass is similar to that of a supercooled liquid. Glass behaves like a solid when it is cooled below its glass transition temperature. In both glass and crystal, the translational and rotational motion is fixed. A vibrational degree of freedom remains.

Learn How to Properly Apply Gel Coat

Applying gel coat correctly is of utmost importance to making aesthetically pleasing and long-lasting end products. If gel coat is not applied properly it ultimately can increase the cost of the product made, as often is the case, cutting corners in this process will not prove to be worth it. How Do Improperly Applied Gel Coats Increase Cost? It depends on a number of parts that get rejected and the work required to fix them. The amount of work and material saved by investing in a proper gel coat application process will pay off in the end. Proper gel coat application includes: Material preparationEquipment calibrationUse of trained spray operatorsAppropriate spray methods Gel coats should be sprayed and not brushed. The equipment used for spraying must be selected carefully and maintained well. Catalyst levels are important to the curing of the gel coat and dependent upon shop conditions. Most gel coats’ ideal catalyst level is 1.8 percent at 77Â °F (25Â °C), however, specific shop conditions may require this number to vary between 1.2 and 3 percent. Environmental factors that may require an adjustment in catalyst levels are: TemperatureHumidityMaterial ageCatalyst brand or type A catalyst level below 1.2 percent or above 3 percent should not be used because the cure of the gel coated can be affected permanently. Product data sheets can give specific catalyst recommendations. There are many catalysts for use in resins and gel coats. Proper catalyst selection is vital. In gel coats, only MEKP-based catalysts should be used. The three active ingredients in a MEKP-based catalyst are: Hydrogen peroxideMEKP monomerMEKP dimmer Each component helps the curing of unsaturated polyesters. The following is each chemical’s specific role: Hydrogen peroxide: starts gelation phase, though does little for a cureMEKP monomer: plays roles in initial cure and overall cureMEKP dimer: active during file cure stage of polymerization, high MEKP dimer typically causes porosity (air entrapping) in gel coats Achieving the correct thickness of a gel coat is imperative as well. A gel coat should be sprayed in three passes for a total wet film thickness of 18 /- 2 mils thickness. Too thin a coating can result in undercure of the gel coat. Too thick a coat can crack when flexed. Spraying gel coat onto vertical surfaces will not cause sag because of its’ thixotropic characteristics. Gel coats will also not entrap air when applied according to instructions. Lamination With all other factors normal, gel coats are ready for laminating within 45 to 60 minutes after catalyzation. The time is dependent upon: TemperatureHumidityCatalyst typeCatalyst concentrationAir movement A slowing of gel and cure occurs with low temperatures, low catalyst concentrations, and high humidity. To test whether a gel coat is ready for lamination touch the film at the lowest part of the mold. It is ready if no material transfers. Always monitor equipment and application procedures to ensure proper application and cure of the gel coat. Material Preparation Gel coat materials come as complete products and not other materials other than catalysts should be added. For product consistency, gel coats should be mixed for 10 minutes before use. Agitation should be enough to allow the product to move all the way to the container walls while preventing as much turbulence as possible. It is imperative not to over-mix. This can decrease thixotropy, which increases sag. Overmixing may also result in styrene loss that can add to porosity. Air bubbling for mixing is not advised. It is ineffective and adds for potential water or oil contamination.

Leadership Interview Paper Leadership - 1307 Words

Leadership Interview Paper Leadership is a fundamental part of everyday life! Leadership and the concepts and practices associated to it play an intricate role in the society in which we live in. This one aspect of life is so vital to the existence of the human race that is taught to children at a very young age. As an adult, I can look back over my childhood and recall many memories that have fashioned the person that I am today. The most prominent memories, which I can recall from my childhood, include hot summer days, riding my bicycle, and childhood games. As I look back over my childhood, I reminisce over childhood games like Follow the leader, Simon says, and Mother may I. Now that I am an adult, I can see the life lessons†¦show more content†¦Now that we all have a solid understanding of leaders and leadership lets recap the interview that I conducted last week. Last week, I conducted an interview with Obeyda Jackson who is a leader in the retail industry. Jackson is currently a store manager for DD’s discount store, which is a division of Ross stores. Ms. Jackson has worked in the retail industry for over ten years operating in various leadership positions within organizations like Hobby Lobby, Burlington Coat Factory, and Family Dollar. Her leadership experience includes positions like key holder, assistant store manager, and now general manager. On a personal note, Jackson is a wife and a mother of two wonderful children. Jackson is originally from Puerto Rico and is fluent in Spanish and English. During the interview process, I asked Jackson several questions pertaining to her views on leadership and her personal leadership style. When I asked Jackson to define leadership she stated, â€Å"Leadership is how I empower individuals to get things done.† She went on to say, â€Å"Leadership is an art or a skill that requires practice and determination.† When I asked Jackson what is her personal leadership style she said that she was a democratic leader. As my interview progressed, I went on to ask Jackson who has been the most influential leader in her life and why? Jackson responded that she had a supervisorShow MoreRelatedLeadership Interview Paper721 Words   |  3 PagesLeadership Interview and Reflection Paper Grand Canyon University LDR-600 Leadership Styles and Development Tiffany Helton April 24, 2013 When interviewing a leader in an organization in order to discover their leadership style one must ask critical questions. I had the opportunity to interview Casey Aguirre who is a Team Manager at the Salem Call Center for T-Mobile. Casey has been with T-Mobile for over 11 years. In this interview we discussed her leadership style, the steps she took toRead MoreLeadership Interview and Summary Paper1228 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership Interview Summary Paper Artic Mechanical, Inc. is a family-owned and operated HVAC and refrigeration company located in Rancho Cucamonga, California. The company consists of over 150 employees in more than four states. Mona Gamboa is the account manager for some of the company’s more high profile and lucrative clientele. This paper is based of an interview with Ms. Gamboa and her opinions on motivation, the roles of groups and teams, and the organizational structure of Artic MechanicalRead MoreLeaders Are Not Made, They Are Exposed1225 Words   |  5 Pagesdemonstrated not only leadership traits, but leader-follower relationship. This paper discusses the emergence of and presence of â€Å"leadership† or lack of in Group Two based on the situational theory of leadership and the followership concept learned in DEPM 604. Group Dynamics Group Two consisted of four members: Melanie Glassford, Ashley Harmon, John Thomas and I (Bridgette Grant). The group was tasked with selecting and interviewing a leader in Distance Education, develop interview questions that areRead MoreCollege And University Leadership Program Essay1081 Words   |  5 PagesINTERVIEW WITH DR. PATRICIA MCDONALD When it comes to the topic of making a difference in the lives of students, most of us will readily agree that it can be very gratifying when college and university leaders inspire students and impact their lives, while developing them into future leaders. It is believed that making a difference in the lives of student is a shared effort that cannot be done alone even the smallest act of kindness can impact the world if people come together. A future desirableRead MoreCM220 UNIT 4 ASSIGNMENT1380 Words   |  6 Pagesemployees are happy and have fun at work. 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The authors make the case that in a changing global environment transformational leadership styles, rather than transactional styles, are a means organizationsRead MoreThe Effects of Human Resources Outsourcing on Leadership Performance and Employee Commitment1351 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership Performance Abstract The following pages focus on providing a theoretical framework and a research design intended to address the influence of human resources outsourcing on leadership performance and employee commitment. The Introduction discusses some of the issues that reflect the necessity of research in this field. The Theoretical Framework describes the variables used in this study. The paper continues with the Scientific Research Design section that presents the type of researchRead MoreLeadership Theory And The Main Methods Of Leadership1198 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership is an often misunderstood concept. Many people confuse management and leadership, classifying them as being the same. While a leader can be a manager and a manager can be a leader, they are often two separate things. There are four main components of leadership that we will discuss and there are many different ways to view and examine leadership with theory and maxim being the main methods. As many people point out, leadership is a complex topic to discuss. Leadership can mean manyRead MoreChapter Of Alpha Omicron Pi1410 Words   |  6 Pagessorority, I still have a lot to learn. Due to my lack of knowledge, there are many assumptions. My first assumption is about the leadership council of Beta Zeta. I presumed the girls in charge of the chapter were elected because of popularity. I also believe the leaders are running for the sake of their resumes. Another preconception I have is that sororities do not promote leadership. As far as â€Å"bigs† go, I considered them as a friend inside the sorority, not a leader, which is another assumption of mineRead MoreLeadership And Change Leadership Development852 Words   |  4 Pagesby Katzenbach (1995), change leadership is â€Å"the process whereby individuals who lead initiatives that influence dozens to hundreds of others to perform differently—and better—by applying multiple leadership and change app roaches.† Leadership alone is defined as setting a direction and developing the strategies necessary to move in that direction – that is, creating and achieving a vision – leadership is thus a process to do with change (Kotter 1999). Change leadership is critically important to the

Capital Punishment Results in a Better Society Essay

Capital Punishment Results in a Better Society When it comes to capital punishment most people think of the death penalty. I dont think people realize how many papers, books, and controversies there is over this topic. One of the many questions that arise when people think about capital punishment is how it affects crime, and more importantly, if we use the death penalty more effectively, it not only becomes a deterrent to crime, but also brings about a better society. When we use the death penalty and others learn from the mistakes of those receiving the death penalty then it is a successful deterrent. An article from the American Economic Review (quoted in the book The Death penalty, 1949) titled The Deterrent Effect of†¦show more content†¦(Not even enough time to show the judge that the bloody glove really does fit, and yet you say it doesnt.) Criminals feared this day in their careers. Nowadays it takes some fifteen years and millions of dollars to have a trial, have more trials, convict him, sentence him to die, then only give him a life sentence, then let him go in twenty years for good behavior and hope he doesnt kill again. Criminals do not fear this. They know they can get off easy and only rot in jail for a few years and theyre right back out. Back to the example of the mother and her children: If the mother does not punish her child right away in front of the others then the punishment does no good. The child forgets the bad thing he did and will probably end up doing it again. To try to support my point I gave a survey to three teachers at DeLaSalle High School. Unfortunately the survey turned on me. All of the participants had the opposite opinion of mine. They all agreed that capital punishment is not a successful deterrent to crime. They argued that it depends on the crime, and that criminals believe it wont happen to them. 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In Jonathan Glovers essay quot;Executions,quot; he maintains that there are three views that a person may have in regard to capital punishment: the retributivist, the absolutist, and the utilitarian. Although Glover recognizes that both statistical and intuitive evidence cannot validate the benefits of capital punishment, he can be considered a utilitarian becauseRead MoreArgumentative Essay On The Death Penalty1112 Words   |  5 Pagespenalty is defined as the punishment of execution, administered to someone who has committed a terrible crime (Capital Punishment 1). This is also known as capital punishment, which is known for disregarding the human rights. Although many countries continue to enforce the death penalty, some countries think it should not be practiced. According to the United States, the death penalty continues to be a charged and controversial political and legal issue(Capital Punishment 1). In addition to, the deathRead MoreCapital Punishment Is Not So Easy Way Out892 Words   |  4 PagesCapital Punishment a not so easy way out. Is showing the country that killing people is wrong by killing other people the right way to do it? Capital Punishment is a legal form of justice in 31 states of USA. This sentence consist in taking the life of the accused individuals as a punishment for committing atrocious crimes such as murder, rape and child abuse. Not only capital punishment is morally and ethically wrong, Capital punishment also violates our constitutional rights, it also takes theRead MoreCapital Punishment Should Not Be Legal950 Words   |  4 PagesCapital Punishment is still used in the United States, and there has been 152 people that has been released from death row since 1973. There has been many more people that were not released but executed and possibly innocent. 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In order to successfully argue out the topic of discussion, this section uses two antagonistic perceptions of theRead MoreThe Evolution Of Punishment And Its Effect On Society949 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The evolution of punishment has come a long way in Canada from Confederation in the 1800’s to present day 21st century. Research has been going on continuously to identify whether these punishments are based on a person’s behaviour or on society itself. The word punishment is referred to as a penalty inflicted on an offender through judicial procedure (Punishment | Definition of Punishment by Merriam-Webster). In today’s society does the punishment equivalent to the crime committedRead MoreCompartive Legal Systems Canada vs Usa1691 Words   |  7 PagesDominance over United States Penal System Name: Shenthuran Vijayananthan Teacher: Mrs. Merenda Due Date: Wed. Oct. 26, 2005 Topic: #1 Ââ€" Comparative Legal Systems (Canada vs. USA) Thesis: Canadas criminal justice system, specifically laws dealing with punishment, is far superior to that of the United States Canada and the United States of America are two neighboring countries who besides the border share numerous other key aspects. Though similar in beliefs and culture the two countries are far from alikeRead MoreArguments for Capital Punishment852 Words   |  3 PagesCapital punishment is the death penalty .Capital Punishment is the lawful infliction of death as a punishment and since ancient times it has been used for a wide variety of offences. As real justice requires people to suffer for their wrong doing, and to suffer in a way appropriate for the crime. Each criminal should get what their crime deserves and in the ease of a murderer what their crime deserves is death. Capital punishment permanently removes the worst criminals from society and should proveRead MoreTo Kill or Not to Kill, That is the Question Essay1153 Words   |  5 Pagesin today’s society. Some say that execution is unconstitutional, inhumane, or otherwise unfair. Death is feared widely above all other punishment. Capital punishment is not only the strongest deterrent, but it is also the most cost efficient solution to severe crimes, as well as the most effective in actually proving guilt, and bringing fair justice to the victims of these most heinous crimes. Although almost all societies throughout history have used the death penalty as punishment for crimes,

Deception Point Page 21 Free Essays

Tolland groaned. â€Å"Now he’s showing off. What Corky means is that we can prove a rock is a meteorite simply by measuring its chemical content. We will write a custom essay sample on Deception Point Page 21 or any similar topic only for you Order Now † â€Å"Hey, ocean boy!† Corky chided. â€Å"Let’s leave the science to the scientists, shall we?† He immediately turned back to Rachel. â€Å"In earth rocks, the mineral nickel occurs in either extremely high percentages or extremely low; nothing in the middle. In meteorites, though, the nickel content falls within a midrange set of values. Therefore, if we analyze a sample and find the nickel content reflects a midrange value, we can guarantee beyond the shadow of a doubt that the sample is a meteorite.† Rachel felt exasperated. â€Å"Okay, gentlemen, fusion crusts, chondrules, midrange nickel contents, all of which prove it’s from space. I get the picture.† She laid the sample back on Corky’s table. â€Å"But why am I here?† Corky heaved a portentous sigh. â€Å"You want to see a sample of the meteorite NASA found in the ice underneath us?† Before I die here, please. This time Corky reached in his breast pocket and produced a small, disk-shaped piece of stone. The slice of rock was shaped like an audio CD, about half an inch thick, and appeared to be similar in composition to the stony meteorite she had just seen. â€Å"This is a slice of a core sample that we drilled yesterday.† Corky handed the disk to Rachel. The appearance certainly was not earth-shattering. It was an orangish-white, heavy rock. Part of the rim was charred and black, apparently a segment of the meteorite’s outer skin. â€Å"I see the fusion crust,† she said. Corky nodded. â€Å"Yeah, this sample was taken from near the outside of the meteorite, so it still has some crust on it.† Rachel tilted the disk in the light and spotted the tiny metallic globules. â€Å"And I see the chondrules.† â€Å"Good,† Corky said, his voice tense with excitement. â€Å"And I can tell you from having run this thing through a petrographic polarizing microscope that its nickel content is midrange-nothing like a terrestrial rock. Congratulations, you’ve now successfully confirmed the rock in your hand came from space.† Rachel looked up, confused. â€Å"Dr. Marlinson, it’s a meteorite. It’s supposed to come from space. Am I missing something here?† Corky and Tolland exchanged knowing looks. Tolland put a hand on Rachel’s shoulder and whispered, â€Å"Flip it over.† Rachel turned the disk over so she could see the other side. It took only an instant for her brain to process what she was looking at. Then the truth hit her like a truck. Impossible! she gasped, and yet as she stared at the rock she realized her definition of â€Å"impossible† had just changed forever. Embedded in the stone was a form that in an earth specimen might be considered commonplace, and yet in a meteorite was utterly inconceivable. â€Å"It’s†¦ † Rachel stammered, almost unable to speak the word. â€Å"It’s†¦ a bug! This meteorite contains the fossil of a bug!† Both Tolland and Corky were beaming. â€Å"Welcome aboard,† Corky said. The torrent of emotions that gripped Rachel left her momentarily mute, and yet even in her bewilderment, she could clearly see that this fossil, beyond question, had once been a living biological organism. The petrified impression was about three inches long and looked to be the underside of some kind of huge beetle or crawling insect. Seven pairs of hinged legs were clustered beneath a protective outer shell, which seemed to be segmented in plates like that of an armadillo. Rachel felt dizzy. â€Å"An insect from space†¦ â€Å" â€Å"It’s an isopod,† Corky said. â€Å"Insects have three pairs of legs, not seven.† Rachel did not even hear him. Her head was spinning as she studied the fossil before her. â€Å"You can clearly see,† Corky said, â€Å"that the dorsal shell is segmented in plates like a terrestrial pill bug, and yet the two prominent tail-like appendages differentiate it as something closer to a louse.† Rachel’s mind had already tuned Corky out. The classification of the species was totally irrelevant. The puzzle pieces now came crashing into place-the President’s secrecy, the NASA excitement†¦ There is a fossil in this meteorite! Not just a speck of bacteria or microbes, but an advanced life-form! Proof of life elsewhere in the universe! 23 Ten minutes into the CNN debate, Senator Sexton wondered how he could have been worried at all. Marjorie Tench was grossly overestimated as an opponent. Despite the senior adviser’s reputation for ruthless sagacity, she was turning out to be more of a sacrificial lamb than a worthy opponent. Granted, early in the conversation Tench had grabbed the upper hand by hammering the senator’s prolife platform as biased against women, but then, just as it seemed Tench was tightening her grip, she’d made a careless mistake. While questioning how the senator expected to fund educational improvements without raising taxes, Tench made a snide allusion to Sexton’s constant scapegoating of NASA. Although NASA was a topic Sexton definitely intended to address toward the end of the discussion, Marjorie Tench had opened the door early. Idiot! â€Å"Speaking of NASA,† Sexton segued casually. â€Å"Can you comment on the rumors I keep hearing that NASA has suffered another recent failure?† Marjorie Tench did not flinch. â€Å"I’m afraid I have not heard that rumor.† Her cigarette voice was like sandpaper. â€Å"So, no comment?† â€Å"I’m afraid not.† Sexton gloated. In the world of media sound bites, â€Å"no comment† translated loosely to â€Å"guilty as charged.† â€Å"I see,† Sexton said. â€Å"And how about the rumors of a secret, emergency meeting between the President and the administrator of NASA?† This time Tench looked surprised. â€Å"I’m not sure what meeting you’re referring to. The President takes many meetings.† â€Å"Of course, he does.† Sexton decided to go straight at her. â€Å"Ms. Tench, you are a great supporter of the space agency, is that right?† Tench sighed, sounding tired of Sexton’s pet issue. â€Å"I believe in the importance of preserving America’s technological edge-be that military, industry, intelligence, telecommunications. NASA is certainly part of that vision. Yes.† In the production booth, Sexton could see Gabrielle’s eyes telling him to back off, but Sexton could taste blood. â€Å"I’m curious, ma’am, is it your influence behind the President’s continued support of this obviously ailing agency?† Tench shook her head. â€Å"No. The President is also a staunch believer in NASA. He makes his own decisions.† Sexton could not believe his ears. He had just given Marjorie Tench a chance to partially exonerate the President by personally accepting some of the blame for NASA funding. Instead, Tench had thrown it right back at the President. The President makes his own decisions. It seemed Tench was already trying to distance herself from a campaign in trouble. No big surprise. After all, when the dust settled, Marjorie Tench would be looking for a job. Over the next few minutes, Sexton and Tench parried. Tench made some weak attempts to change the subject, while Sexton kept pressing her on the NASA budget. â€Å"Senator,† Tench argued, â€Å"you want to cut NASA’s budget, but do you have any idea how many high-tech jobs will be lost?† Sexton almost laughed in the woman’s face. This gal is considered the smartest mind in Washington? Tench obviously had something to learn about the demographics of this country. High-tech jobs were inconsequential in comparison to the huge numbers of hardworking blue-collar Americans. Sexton pounced. â€Å"We’re talking about billions in savings here, Marjorie, and if the result is that a bunch of NASA scientists have to get in their BMWs and take their marketable skills elsewhere, then so be it. I’m committed to being tough on spending.† How to cite Deception Point Page 21, Essay examples

International Marketing Mix Strategies of The Lion Pty Limited

Question: Discuss about the International Marketing Mix Strategies of The Lion Pty Limited. Answer: Introduction As inferred from the previous assignments, The Lion Pty Limited has been working in the food and beverage industry for a decade of years now. This organization has started its operations from Australia and gradually expanded into New Zealand. The Company provides premium products of dairy, alcoholic and non alcoholic beverages. The Company is trying to achieve more international fame and name, by thinking to venture into the South Africa markets. The markets in South Africa are a persistent hub for the beverage industry. The beverage industry in Africa is controlled by the monopolistic economy. The establishment of the business in the African markets will help the company in achieving its objectives. In order to achieve the goals, the organization has analyzed the markets of the beverage industry in Africa. The company aims at targeting the middle age group and the youngsters in order to achieve goodwill and capture more and more of clients in the emerging markets. The competitor ana lysis is done, where it was found that Coca Cola is the biggest rival in the beverage industry for the various other companies. The markets in Africa cause a threat to the venture of the Lion Pty Limited due to the legislative measures and rules and regulations of the country on the import of the sugary drinks in the country. The SWOT analysis too helped out in determining the core competencies and opportunities for the organization to expand their business in the international market. The analysis has helped in outlining themarketing strategies required for the organization to expand their business in the foreign country. The main focus of this report is to outline the marketing objectives of the organization that it can achieve over a period of 12 months. Also, by understanding themarketing mix strategy of the organization, critical understanding is taken in order to formulate the strategic recommendations according to the standardization and adaptation of the strategies. The stud y further highlights the plan in order to administer, measure and control the international marketing strategy deployed for the Lion Pty Limited while expanding their business in the South African markets (Agency, 2015). Objectives of the organization The objectives for the organization refer to as the goals and targets of the organization. The objectives can be related to the sales, marketing and financial objectives. This part of the report highlights the objectives of the Lion Pty Limited that it can achieve and should achieve for a period of the first 12 months while venturing the markets of the beverage industry in South Africa. The organization aims at determining the objectives according to the SMART goals, i.e., the goals will be set that are highly specific, measurable, attainable in the particular time frame of 12 months, accurate and realistic. Following are the objectives of the organization in context with the plan originated in order to enter the international markets along with the domestic markets: In accordance with the growth of the beverage industry in the South African region, the Lion Pty Limited aims at acquiring the market share by 15% in the coming one year (Pfitzer Krishnaswamy, 2007). The sales projection for the first year is aimed by gaining a share of 20% itself. The net profit for the first year is aimed almost 25% of the Lion Pty Limited. The organization is aiming at spending $200 million on the promotional activities in order to promote the products in all the regions of the South Africa. To increase its operations in the South African market by 6% The aim is to provide the products that do not cause any harm to the health of the targeted audience. The organization aims at increasing the trail of the targeted group to 5% in the first year. The aim of the enterprise is to maintain its position in the monopolistic market. The objective is to build goodwill and fame by delivering the best quality products and services. To increase the customer service and satisfaction in the South African market The aim is to attain competitive advantage by adopting the suitable marketing strategies such as generic strategies or positioning strategy (OBrien, 2016). The core objective is to deliver the products with the help of talented managers and professionals, which aim at inducing the customers. Thereby, these are objectives, which can be achieved by the organization in the first 12 months of its operation in the South African market. Such objectives are highly attainable and can be accomplished by the Lion Pty Limited in the coming first year of its business in the international market. With the help of its retained growth and goodwill and also with the help of its premium and unique beverages, the organization can certainly achieve such sales and financial objectives easily. The above stated objectives will help the organization in facing the competition from the industrial rival firm, i.e., Coca Cola Company. Strategic Recommendations for the 4Ps The marketing mix strategy refers to as the set of tactical tools and techniques that are controlled according to the market situation in order to increase the customer base. The tools are used in order to attract the targeted audience. It refers to all the practices that an organization can take in order to uplift the demand for its products in the concerned market. When establishing the business in the new markets and country, the marketing mix strategy must inculcate some strategic recommendations that will help in standardizing and adapting the domestic as well as the international markets. The Lion Pty Limited will have to consider, which elements of the marketing mix should be standardized and which to be adapted. Standardization of the marketing mix provides advantages and disadvantages to the organization. It provides a greater volume of sales, goodwill, lower cost and a better brand image across the world (Meyer Bernier, 2010). When the organization aims at launching a new product or establishing itself in the new market, the adaptation of the marketing mix is preferred. Following are the recommendations for the marketing mix:- Product: The product offered by the Lion Pty Limited is the tangible product with unique packaging. The product is the ice cream, milk and yogurt that will be offered in the international markets. The standardized approach can be adopted when the tastes and preferences of the customers in the domestic and the international market are same. But, the culture and taste difference is too huge between South Africa and Australia that the company, can rely on the standardized approach by inducing the customers for it produces. The certain modifications can be done regarding the color of the product, design, packaging and etc. This will help the Lion Pty Limited in increasing the sales and providing better customer services both in the domestic as well as in the international market (Valassis Rsen, 2013). Price: The price for the products depend on the brand and the volume of the product purchased. The organization must consider the advantages and disadvantages of Standardization and Adaptation. The standardization refers to the process of setting the fixed amount of price in all the regions of the market across the globe. But, This type of strategy is suitable for the B2B business. Thereby, the company must adopt the adaptation strategy in order to fix the prices according to the factors prevailing in the foreign market. The competitive situation, tariff barriers and legislative measures, customer preferences in the foreign market drives to obtain the adaptation strategy in the South African market. This will help the organization in fixing the prices according to the situation in the domestic as well as the international market (Zou, Andrus, Norvell, 1997). The standardization approach is not recommended for the foreign market in context to this element of the marketing mix. Althou gh adapting the price strategy is sensitive, but will help the organization in achieving its organizational goals and objectives easily and permissibly. Promotion: This is the third element of the marketing mix strategy. This strategy aims at using the promotional activities like media advertising, personal selling, public relations, sales promotions and etc, in order to induce the customers to buy the particular product of the organization. The advertising message of the Lion Pty Limited organization will depend on the culture, language, nature, regional, economic values and media availability in the countries. At present, the organization promotes in Australia and New Zealand. The company is planning to venture into the markets of South African countries, where the language and religion of the customers is different from the customers in their domestic market (CIM, 2009). Therefore, the recommendation for the Lion Pty Limited organization is to adopt the adaptation strategy. This strategy will not change the whole advertising message, but will bring certain modifications according to the language and other factors of the South Afri can market. Also, this is recommended as this is a highly cost effective strategy for any modification or adaptation according to the situational factors of the country will not cost must in promoting the products. This will help the organization in achieving the target of inducing more and more of customer base. Place: This is the element where the distribution of the product takes place with the help of an effective design and channels of distribution that helps in enabling the product at a particular place on a particular time to the right buyer. For adopting the strategy of standardization and adaptation, the firm must first understand the distribution channels available in the country. It is very difficult to adopt the same channels as the domestic market. The distribution channels are the most important component in the marketing mix. It is recommended to ascertain the several factors such as the customer, the product and the culture in the South African market. The Lion Pty Limited must understand the factors like distribution infrastructure, disposable incomes and purchasing habits of the customers in the foreign market. Since, it is found that the distribution is highly at the place of colleges and universities where the population of youth is higher, thereby, the standardized techni que can also be used. The standardized technique of inclusive distribution must be followed by the organization in the international market. It will help in increasing sales along with the increase in the customer recognition (Batraga Puke, 2015). Also, this strategy is ideal for the beverage products, which will help in capturing the international market. Thus, it is clear that the organization must use certain generic strategies and also should adopt new strategies in order to venture its operations in the South African market. The organization can adopt the standardization strategy in elements like distribution and product, whereas must adopt the adaptation strategy in the elements like price and promotion. Plans for managing, measuring controlling international marketing strategy It is very important for the organizations to plan the process for managing, measuring and controlling the global marketing strategies in order to create a flexible structure that helps the organization in facing the differences of the new markets, where the organization has started its operations. The three aspects will be considered in the report (Nartoma, 1998). Managing: This refers to the planning and implementation of the strategy in the organization. The proper working environment according to the international set up must be organized in order to support the employees of the international market. The plan for executing the activities in the organization is implemented. The marketing program is also implemented according to the generic and adapted strategies. After the marketing program is implemented, the tactical details are recognized and arranged in order to execute effective working in the organization. The international marketing manager will look after all the men and material. He will aim at managing and organizing the activities according to the strategies of the international marketing effort. Measuring: Once, the plan is organized and implemented in the Lion Pty Limited, The manager will aim at measuring the targeted performance with the present performance of the operations. Oversight will be provided by the manager in order to perform the activities according to the supervision. The working environment is ensured according to the needs of the employees. The work in the organization is continuously monitored. The employees are motivated and trained according to the needs of the organization in order to perform the tasks. The organizational relationships are measured with the customers in order to build more and effective customer relations (FAO, 2013). Controlling: This plan aims at ensuring the performance and behavior of the employees and operations, according to the plans of the organization. The control is established in order to ascertain any kind of deviations in the organizational performance. The organization should establish standards in order to overcome the problems of deviations. If any kind of deviations are found, the reason behind such deviations are ascertained. Accordingly the corrective actions must be incorporated in the Lion Pty Limited organization. The control is must in the organization as this helps in enabling effective working in the organization. Also, by setting the standards, the goals will be achieved by the organization, whether in the domestic market or in the international market. Thereby, this is the plan for managing, measuring and controlling the international marketing efforts made by the Lion Pty Organization in order to expand and venture the beverage markets of the South Africa. This plan will help in maintaining control in the operations of the company (Schrage, 2015). Conclusion It can be concluded from the above analysis, that the Lion Pty Limited can achieve the marketing objectives in a period of 12 months with the help of strategies adopted as stated in the previous assignment. The positioning strategy and generic strategies will help in achieving the organizational goals of the Lion Pty Limited. The marketing mix strategy is the most component of achieving the tasks in the global market. The standardization vs the adaptation concept in the elements of the marketing mix has been deeply analyzed. The elements of the marketing mix have been discussed according to the appropriate strategy while making a venture in the international market. The proper strategic recommendations have been stated for the company to adopt the adaptation strategy or the standardization strategy while making the use of elements of the marketing mix. Further, the study involves the plans relating to the organizing, measuring and controlling the efforts made by the Lion Pty Limited in establishing its business in the international market. A complete and appropriate plan has been depicted in order to achieve its targets and goals. Thereby, the complete study will assist the organization in developing its operations in the international market. References Agency, N. T. (2015). Food and beverage manufacturing industry report. Retrieved from https://www.ntarestore.org/images/PDF/Research/New_Survey/Sector-Survey-Report-Food-Beverage-New.pdf Batraga, A., Puke, I. (2015). Integrating standardisation/adaptation in international marketing strategies. Retrieved from https://llufb.llu.lv/conference/economic_science_rural/2015/Latvia_ESRD_40_2015-27-36.pdf CIM. (2009). Marketing and the 7P's: A brief summary of marketing and how it works. Retrieved from https://www.thensmc.com/sites/default/files/CIM%207Ps%20Resource.PDF FAO. (2013). Organising, Planning And Controlling Global Marketing Operations. Retrieved from https://www.fao.org/docrep/W5973E/w5973e0h.htm Meyer, E., Bernier, I. (2010). Standardizing or Adapting the Marketing Mix across Culture. Retrieved from https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:326017/fulltext01 Nartoma. (1998). Planning, organization, and control of global marketing operations. Retrieved from https://ebooks.narotama.ac.id/files/Global%20Marketing%20Management%20(5th%20Edition)/Chapter%2017%20Planning,%20Organization,%20And%20Control%20Of%20Global%20Marketing%20Operations.pdf OBrien, T. (2016). State of the industry: essential information- facts and figures. Ernst Young. Retrieved from https://www.afgc.org.au/wp-content/uploads/AFGC_State-of-the-Industry-2016.pdf Pfitzer, M., Krishnaswamy, R. (2007). The role of the food and beverage sector in expanding economic opportunity. Retrieved from https://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/ivc/docs/UnileverandProjectNovella.pdf Schrage, C. (2015). Planning, Implementing, and Controlling Marketing Strategies. Retrieved from https://uni.edu/~schragec/Chapter%202.pdf Valassis, K., Rsen, Y. (2013). Adaptation/Standardization of SMEs Marketing Mix Elements across borders. Retrieved from https://www.diva-portal.se/smash/get/diva2:630818/FULLTEXT01.pdf Zou, S., Andrus, D., Norvell, D. (1997). Standardization of international marketing strategy by firms from a developing country. International Marketing Review, 14(2), 107-123. Retrieved from https://www.business.missouri.edu/zou/Resume/zou-andrus-norvell1997IMR.pdf

The Triumphant Reconstruction Essay Example For Students

The Triumphant Reconstruction Essay Of the many trials and tribulations that occurred during reconstruction we are faced with determining whether it was a success or a failure. Many good things and bad things happened as a result of reconstruction. . Although some setbacks and tragedies did We will write a custom essay on The Triumphant Reconstruction specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now happen as with any project of this size would. The entire effort overall was successful. Although it did not accomplished what it was set in place to do. The act changed the course of history for the better. As this project started there was much conflict as what to do with the south. The Presidents ideas and Congresses ideas of how to solve the problems in the south differed greatly. President Johnson was vetoing everything that congress wanted to pass. His reasoning for this was that he thought congress was being too harsh on the south. In turn congress thought the President was not being harsh enough. Congress told the southern states that they must ratify the fourteenth amendment to gain admittance back into the union. So reluctantly the south eventually gained admittance but not without finding loopholes first. Some states as they ratified the amendment made laws and clauses that still prevented blacks from voting such as black codes and grandfather clauses. These laws and codes were totally legal. The way they worked is that literacy tests were given at the polls before you could vote. Or the grandfather clause that stated if your grandfather could vote so could you. All of these problems proved to be a detrimental setback in the processes of reconstruction. Despite all of these loopholes many good things came from reconstruction. It led the way for the civil rights movement. It also promoted equal rights and the right for everyone to be free. Free labor was a result of these acts. Without reconstruction where would the south be today? Most likely poor, unequal rights, and most likely bad economic problems. As a direct result of reconstruction industrialization emerged in the south. Less raw materials were sent north and they were used in the south. Former slaves and poor whites started working in factories earning wages instead of working on plantations. Blacks started to be voted into office. If reconstruction never happened this situation would never have come about. Reconstruction not only changed things in the south they also changed things in the north. Feminists movements started coming about in the north. They started asking why freed slaves could vote but women still could not. Many new questions arose and reconstruction was the cause. Although the reconstruction acts failed in many ways they were reconciled by the fact that it opened doors to many new ideas. It tested the laws, practices, and even our very beliefs in the United States of America. It broke into the time when industrialism really exploded onto the scene. Civil rights emerged to help make this country equal and just. Feminism emerged as well to help in this equal rights fight. As with every fight this one was not easy but was overcome and became one of the most important turning points in American history. Words / Pages : 526 / 24 .

Monet and van Gogh essays

Monet and van Gogh essays No two artists can alone be considered responsible for the modern art movement, but both Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890) and Claude Monet (1840-1926) led two very distinct groups of artists out of the world we know as classical art. Though their styles differ greatly, they are both equally responsible for helping to shape the direction painting would go over the following century. Monet and van Gogh both left us with prolific bodies of work each representing their own view of life through their work on canvas and in their thoughts and words. Through their paintings, writings and letters we have been fortunate enough to understand both men's struggle for recognition as artists in a period when classicism was still held as the highest form of art. Aside from their shared struggle for acceptance as progressive artists-and perhaps an equal fascination with Japanese block prints-they are no closer to being alike than an apple and a grapefruit. Though Monet did not come from a wealthy family, he became involved with a group of peers that were well educated or part of the French aristocracy. The group, consisting of Degas, Manet, Renoir, Pissarro among others, all had one thing in common. They all cast aside tradition to bring to the heart of painting something real, immediate, fleeting and true to what they saw at the moment. In Manet's painting, Parisians Enjoying the Parc Monceau, 1878, we are given just that. He has stopped a moment in time when the high society is out, perhaps on a Sunday afternoon, sitting on a bench or strolling through the park. The scene is set so delicately at first glance, but upon closer inspection of the canvas, we find authoritative slashing strokes of oil paint, each one intended and defining this moment. From the bottom right of the 28 x 21 inch canvas comes a path which arcs up to the left and disappears behind a group of people walking. In the lower left foreground is a patch of grass where...

A Brief History of the African Country of Kenya

A Brief History of the African Country of Kenya Fossils found in East Africa suggest that protohumans roamed the area more than 20 million years ago. Recent finds near Kenyas Lake Turkana indicate that hominids lived in  the area  2.6 million years ago. Cushitic-speaking people from northern Africa moved into the area that is now Kenya beginning around 2000 BC. Arab traders began frequenting the Kenya coast around the first century AD. Kenyas proximity to the Arabian Peninsula invited colonization, and Arab and Persian settlements sprouted along the coast by the eighth century. During the first millennium AD, Nilotic and Bantu peoples moved into the region, and the latter now comprises three-quarters of Kenyas population. The Europeans Arrive The Swahili language, a mixture of Bantu and Arabic, developed as a lingua franca for trade between the different peoples. Arab dominance on the coast was eclipsed by the arrival in 1498 of the Portuguese, who gave way in turn to Islamic control under the Imam of Oman in the 1600s. The United Kingdom established its influence in the 19th century. The colonial history of Kenya dates from the Berlin Conference of 1885 when the European powers first partitioned East Africa into spheres of influence. In 1895, the U.K. Government established the East African Protectorate and, soon after, opened the fertile highlands to white settlers. The settlers were allowed a voice in government even before it was officially made a U.K. colony in 1920, but Africans were prohibited from direct political participation until 1944. The Mau Mau  Resist Colonialism From October 1952 to December 1959, Kenya was under a state of emergency arising from the Mau Mau rebellion against British colonial rule. During this period, African participation in the political process increased rapidly. Kenya Achieves Independence The first direct elections for Africans to the Legislative Council took place in 1957. Kenya became independent on December 12, 1963, and the next year joined the Commonwealth. Jomo Kenyatta, a member of the large Kikuyu ethnic group and head of the Kenya African National Union (KANU), became Kenyas first President. The minority party, Kenya African Democratic Union (KADU), representing a coalition of small ethnic groups, dissolved itself voluntarily in 1964 and joined KANU. The Road to Kenyattas One-Party State A small but significant leftist opposition party, the Kenya Peoples Union (KPU), was formed in 1966, led by Jaramogi Oginga Odinga, a former Vice President, and Luo elder. The KPU was banned shortly after and its leader detained. No new opposition parties were formed after 1969, and KANU became the sole political party. At Kenyattas death in August 1978, Vice President Daniel Arap Moi became President. A New Democracy in Kenya In June 1982, the National Assembly amended the constitution, making Kenya officially a one-party state, and parliamentary elections were held in September 1983. The 1988 elections reinforced the one-party system. However, in December 1991, Parliament repealed the one-party section of the constitution. By early 1992, several new parties had formed, and multiparty elections were held in December 1992. Because of divisions in the opposition, however, Moi was reelected for another 5-year term, and his KANU party retained a majority of the legislature. Parliamentary reforms in November 1997 expanded political rights, and the number of political parties grew rapidly. Again because of a divided opposition, Moi won re-election as President in the December 1997 elections. KANU won 113 out of 222 parliamentary seats, but, because of defections, had to depend on the support of minor parties to forge a working majority.In October 2002, a coalition of opposition parties joined forces with a fact ion which broke away from KANU to form the National Rainbow Coalition (NARC). In December 2002, the NARC candidate, Mwai Kibaki, was elected the country’s third President. President Kibaki received 62% of the vote, and NARC also won 59% of the parliamentary seats. Source US Department of State Background Notes.

Henry Adams Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Henry Adams - Research Paper Example Adams was in a Classical sense a man of intellectual temperament, and the literature created by him extends a true insight into the intricacies and complexities of his time. Life Henry Adams was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on 16 February 1838 (Adams 17). His father, Charles Francis Adams was a writer and an influential diplomat (Adams 19). Henry’s mother was Abigail Brown Brooks (Adams 19). Henry Adams was the grandson of the sixth American President, John Quincy Adams, and the great grandson of John Adams, the second American president (Adams 21). There is no denying the fact Henry was born in an environment marked by opportunity, influence and accomplishment. Henry was definitely influenced by this propitious family standing, which facilitated certain advantages to young Henry. It is said that Henry Adams used to spend a significant time in summers, at his grandfather’s home, which was known to be a hub of culture and wealth. The personal library at the disposal of Adams family was considered to be the largest collections of books on varied subjects and topics in those times (Adams 41). Henry Adams spent hours in the family library, satisfying his voracious appetite for knowledge, by reading books on a variety of subjects like astronomy, the Roman and Greek literature, physics, politics and mathematics (Adams 41). It goes without saying that young Henry’s readings extended to him a sound grounding in the essentials of Western civilization. Henry also accrued ample exposure to the intricacies of politics and diplomacy, courtesy his father’s position as a congressman and a politician, and a Vice Presidential candidate in 1848 (Adams 43). Henry joined Harvard in 1854 and turned out to be an able student (Adams 47). However, it needs to be mentioned in those times marked by rigid college regulations, Henry managed to avoid being a stringent conformist (Adams 46). Henry was chosen the Class Day Orator on his graduation in 1858 (Adams 49). He also used to write for Harvard Magazine and tried a hand at acting in Hasty Pudding Club (Adams 49). The very fact that Henry Adams graduated sans any academic distinction made it difficult for people fathom the depth and extent of his knowledge and versatility. Henry went to Germany to study law; however, his lack of proficiency in German led him to travelling across Europe for two years (Adams 64). When Henry Adams returned to America, his father got appointed by President Lincoln as a minister to Great Britain (Adams 21). In the mean time, while Henry left with his father, as his secretary, to England, the Civil War had already begun (Adams 21). Henry Adams aspired to solicit a commission in the army, but at the request of Charles, his elder brother, who was himself an army officer, Henry decided to stay in England to support the Union cause (Adams 83). During this time, as a writer, Henry got published some reports in the New York Times. During his stay in England, Henr y Adams also met John Stuart Mill and Sir Charles Lyell, who urged him to study the works of Herbert Spencer and Auguste Comte (Adams 101). These readings were to reorient the mindset of Adams towards science, economics and politics. During this time Henry also managed to get published three well received articles in North American Review (Adams 103). On his return to America in 1868, Henry Adams actively served as a reporter in many news papers. He aspired to be an avid commentator on and critic of his times. In 1870 he left for Boston to serve as

The Aims and Goals of Jackson Pollock Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Aims and Goals of Jackson Pollock - Essay Example The paper "The Aims and Goals of Jackson Pollock" discusses Jackson Pollock, his art and his aims. He often used hard sticks and even paint applicators to make an abstract. He not only had a different style but also his work has being majorly influenced by many artists from around the world and even Lee Krasner who he married. His possible influence was a Ukrainian artist Janet Sobel. He was a struggling alcoholic who in 1939 he visited a Jungian analyst to treat his alcoholism who encouraged him to paint, which also influenced his work a lot, his paintings not only showed his thoughts but also the fear and terror in humanity living in the times of nuclear war. Indian culture also played an important role in his work, he was influenced mainly by sand painting, and Indian culture also influenced him in a way where he use to get ideas for subjects and motifs for his drawings. Many art critics have said that his work has shown nature of chaos motion, it expressed the chaos theory even b efore it had been formed. Jason Pollock has been one of the most significant artist in the field of abstract expressionism. His work has been very different from the art at that time, his paintings bought together techniques like Cubism, Surrealism, and Impressionism which made his work stand out from other paintings. And for that reason he has been in the spotlight of media since then, people have written about him made biographical films on his life and his art is still recognised among the master pieces of abstract expressionism.

Air France Marketing Strategy

Air France Marketing Strategy Air France, one of the worlds largest airlines, has a history in aviation going back nearly a century. As part of the Air France KLM Group and a member of the SkyTeam global airline alliance, they are able to offer the best in-flight service and widest choice of travel routes to customers (Staniland, 2003, p.262). As a service organisation, Air France must necessarily offer high quality service at all levels to its customers, and this report considers both the current state of the organisation and how it achieves this level of service quality. The 7Ps of marketing is the main framework used and consideration is also given to the benefits of relationship marketing for the organisation. 7Ps of Marketing in Relation to Air France Its Partnerships The 7Ps of marketing are an extension of the traditional four Ps of marketing, i.e. product, price, place and promotion, to take account of changes in approach that incorporate service delivery and thus adds in people, process and physical evidence to provide an overall service marketing mix(Nargundkar, 2006, p.45). 1) Product Air France has two main strands of product offering on the ground services and in-flight services. The first relates to access to major airports with appropriate parking, duty free shopping facilities and safe and efficient baggage handling as well as good quality customer service at reservation counters, booking in desks, online booking services etc. Inflight services are less tangible and more prone to customer perception, and include areas such as cabin crew approachability and comfortable seating as well as in-flight shopping and entertainment/ refreshment. For Air France, delivery of a quality product in both aspects is a major element of business offering as they realise the importance of this to customers (Alamdari, 1999). 2) Price For many leisure travellers, price is one of the major considerations when choosing an airline, along with accessibility to airports, and flight times (Doganis, 2006, p.211). For Air France, their price structure is based on basic fares, both leisure and business plus additional costs such as taxes, and the service provided by the airline. As a strategy they have selected value for money pricing (Taneja, 2004 p.166), charging the average price when compared with their competitors. 3) Place Place in this context refers to how, where, why and when consumers purchase (Crane, 1993, p.19). For Air France this may be direct through the airline, either online or by phone, as part of a holiday package or through a third party travel agent. 4) Promotion Encouraging awareness of the value provided by an airline is done through promotion. In the case of Air France this is done through a combination of joint promotions with their strategic partners, both airline and non-airline based as well as direct advertising and promotion through magazines and TV advertising and in holiday brochures. The companys promotional stance is heavily based in promoting its French basis, with a brand image based on style, colour (blue) and positioning themselves as the representation of France in the air (Kaynak Kucukemiroglu, 1993). In addition, the companys partnerships with organisations such as Hertz Rent a Car, who are able to offer discounts and special deals to Air France customers and Allianz, who offer a digital safe-box to Air France customers, offer a further route to raising customer awareness of the brand and its offers. 5) People As a service provider, the people employed by Air France are its representatives and their attitude and service delivery can be a major factor in customer loyalty (Ostrowsky et al, 1993). As such the company invests heavily in ongoing training to ensure that their values and attention to customer care are demonstrated at all times, including ensuring their staff are trained in the latest medical procedures to provide care for patients in an emergency (Bertrand, 2004) 6) Process As a result of the numerous ways that flights can be booked, there are various different distribution channels for Air France, such as travel agents, their own direct booking service, which is either by telephone or online, as well as their affiliations and partnerships with other airlines and flight related organisations (Shaw, 2007, p.225). These include Hertz car rental and the RATP (Regional operators of local transport in Paris) who will recommend the airline to its customers in a reciprocal arrangement. 7) Physical Evidence This aspect of the 7Ps relates to the overall operating environment and the interaction between this and consumers. For Air France this means the physical aeroplanes, their seating layout and refreshment offerings are the physical evidence of their ability, or not, to deliver to the customers satisfaction. In addition, even before take-off the physical environment for booking in baggage, dealing with queries and customer service desk need to be visually appealing to customers to ensure that they do not have a negative experience with the airline, its staff or its partners. Air France staff have a distinctive uniform, designed by Christian Lacroix in 2005, (Lerpold, 2007, p.174) which they share with other Skyteam Alliance partners, to encourage customers to recognise the solidarity within the industry and to engender the feeling that the service will be standardised to the highest quality throughout their interaction with Air France. Relationship Marketing and Air France For Air France, relationship marketing means ensuring that customers feel that their needs are paramount throughout the whole travel experience, from the initial booking right through to their leaving the airport with their baggage intact as well as encouraging customer feedback with surveys and questionnaires. By developing relationships with frequent flyers and offering them promotions and discounts Air France can ensure that they will return to the airline again and again (Gilbert, 1996). A further benefit of this approach, which should include incorporating opportunities for customer feedback on their flight experience with Air France and demonstrating that the feedback is listened to and acted on is the use of word of mouth (Farrugia Quigley, 2009). In a world of social networking, consumers who have had a positive experience with the airline will encourage friends and colleagues to fly with Air France rather than a cheaper, budget airline, due to the premium service offered which includes the Planete Bleue package, a service specially designed to cater for families with young children and teenagers (www.airfrance.com, 2010) Summary Air Frances strategic partnerships and high commitment to service quality has meant that they have a good reputation with consumers and as such are able to demonstrate high levels of customer loyalty. All of these factors have contributed to make it one of the worlds largest airlines and an attractive partnership option for other airlines and customers.